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bog willow-herb, linearleaf willowweed, narrow-leaf willowherb, slender leaf willowherb, épilobe leptophylle

low willowherb, slender-fruit willowherb, small-fruit willowherb

Habit Herbs with threadlike, nearly leafless epigeous stolons terminating in compact, fleshy turions 3–8 × 2–4 mm. Herbs with numerous small, (3–5 × 2–3 mm), fleshy, sessile turions at or just below ground level, often also with bulblets in proximal to mid cauline leaf axils.
Stems

erect, simple to loosely clustered, terete, 15–95 cm, simple to well branched, densely strigillose, often mixed glandular puberulent on inflorescence, rarely with faint strigillose lines decurrent from margins of petioles.

erect or ascending, often clumped, often flushed red, terete, 8–30 cm, simple or branched, glabrous proximal to inflorescence except for elevated strigillose lines decurrent from margins of petiole, strigillose throughout distally.

Leaves

opposite proximally, usually alternate, rarely fasciculate distally, subsessile;

blade linear to very narrowly elliptic or sublanceolate, 2–7.5 × 0.1–0.7 cm, usually longer than internodes, base rounded to subcuneate, margins subentire, 4–7 inconspicuous teeth per side, sometimes revolute, lateral veins inconspicuous, apex obtuse proximally to acute distally, both surfaces densely strigillose, increasing distally;

bracts not much reduced.

opposite proximal to inflorescence, alternate distally, petiole broad, 3–5 mm proximally to subsessile distally;

blade lanceolate or elliptic to narrowly lanceolate distally, 0.8–4 × 0.4–1.3 cm, base attenuate to cuneate, margins subentire to denticulate distally, 5–9 teeth per side, veins 3 or 4 per side, apex obtuse to distally acute, surfaces glabrous with sparsely strigillose margins and abaxial midrib;

bracts reduced and narrower.

Inflorescences

erect racemes, densely strigillose, often mixed sparsely glandular puberulent.

nodding to suberect, racemes, strigillose.

Flowers

erect;

buds 3–5 × 1.5–2.5 mm;

pedicel 5–12 mm;

floral tube 0.8–1.5 × 1.2–1.8 mm, ring of spreading hairs at mouth inside;

sepals 2.5–4.5 × 0.9–1.3 mm, abaxial surface strigillose;

petals obcordate, white to light pink, 3.5–7 × 1.6–4 mm, apical notch 1–1.8 mm;

filaments white or cream, those of longer stamens 0.8–3.5 mm, those of shorter ones 0.6–2.5 mm;

anthers cream, 0.5–0.9 × 0.4–0.6 mm;

ovary 12–18 mm, densely strigillose, sometimes mixed glandular puberulent;

style cream, 2–3.8 mm, stigma narrowly clavate, entire, 1–1.8 × 0.5–1.2 mm, usually surrounded by, rarely exserted beyond, anthers.

erect;

buds 2–4 × 1.5–2.5 mm;

pedicel 7–12 mm;

floral tube 1–2 × 1–2 mm, with ring of spreading hairs at mouth inside;

sepals green, narrowly lanceolate, 3–4 × 0.8–1.2 mm;

petals white fading to pink, 4–6.5 × 2.3–4 mm, apical notch 0.8–1.6 mm;

filaments white, those of longer stamens 2.2–3 mm, those of shorter ones 1.2–1.6 mm;

anthers 0.4–0.8 × 0.4–0.6 mm;

ovary 12–18 mm, densely strigillose;

style white, 3.2–4 mm, stigma cream, broadly clavate, 0.6–1.5 × 0.6–1.2 mm, surrounded by at least longer anthers.

Capsules

straight, narrowly cylindrical, 35–80 mm, surfaces densely strigillose;

pedicel 10–35 mm.

often reddish green, 25–55 mm, thin, surfaces sparsely strigillose;

pedicel 15–38 mm.

Seeds

narrowly fusiform to narrowly obovoid, 1.5–2.2 ×0.5–0.7 mm, chalazal collar 0.1–0.2 mm, ± pronounced, surface papillose;

coma persistent, dingy white, 6–8 mm.

subfusiform, 0.8–1.2 × 0.3–0.4 mm, chalazal collar inconspicuous, 0.02–0.06 mm, light brown, surface papillose;

coma persistent, tawny, 3–6 mm.

2n

= 36.

= 36.

Epilobium leptophyllum

Epilobium leptocarpum

Phenology Flowering Jun–Sep. Flowering Jun–Aug.
Habitat Marshy ground, bogs, fens, low thickets, seepage areas, damp pastures. Boreal/montane moist meadows, stream banks, moist bluffs, sun to part shade, gravelly or sandy soils, mossy ground.
Elevation 0–1000(–2900) m. (0–3300(–9500) ft.) 0–2400 m. (0–7900 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; CA; CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; SPM
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; ID; MT; OR; WA; AB; BC
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

The range of Epilobium leptophyllum overlaps with that of the related E. palustre, but the former is less common to the north and more common south into the midwestern United States, and absent only from most of the southern tier of states. It is also relatively uncommon in the western United States and Canada. Judging by the number of herbarium sheets that also include E. palustre, E. densum, and even E. coloratum, it sometimes occurs in sympatry with those species and may rarely hybridize with them, based on plants with intermediate morphology and/or sterile fruits.

Fernald described Epilobium nesophilum from the Magdalen Islands (Quebec), and especially Newfoundland, first as a variety of E. densum (1918), then as a separate species (1925).

Epilobium rosmarinifolium Pursh 1813, an illegitimate name (not Haenke 1788), pertains here.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Epilobium leptocarpum often occurs sympatrically with other species of the Alpinae alliance within its Pacific Northwest range, and shares with them the CC chromosomal arrangement. However, it has small compact basal turions and, almost uniquely in Epilobium, bulblets in the leaf axils. The only other species with bulblets is E. fauriei H. Léveillé, an endemic in Japan that has strikingly similar overall morphology to that E. leptocarpum, and shares with it the CC chromosome arrangement.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Epilobium Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Epilobium
Sibling taxa
E. anagallidifolium, E. arcticum, E. brachycarpum, E. campestre, E. canum, E. ciliatum, E. clavatum, E. cleistogamum, E. coloratum, E. davuricum, E. densiflorum, E. densum, E. foliosum, E. glaberrimum, E. hallianum, E. hirsutum, E. hornemannii, E. howellii, E. lactiflorum, E. leptocarpum, E. luteum, E. minutum, E. mirabile, E. montanum, E. nevadense, E. nivium, E. obcordatum, E. obscurum, E. oreganum, E. oregonense, E. pallidum, E. palustre, E. parviflorum, E. rigidum, E. saximontanum, E. septentrionale, E. siskiyouense, E. smithii, E. suffruticosum, E. torreyi
E. anagallidifolium, E. arcticum, E. brachycarpum, E. campestre, E. canum, E. ciliatum, E. clavatum, E. cleistogamum, E. coloratum, E. davuricum, E. densiflorum, E. densum, E. foliosum, E. glaberrimum, E. hallianum, E. hirsutum, E. hornemannii, E. howellii, E. lactiflorum, E. leptophyllum, E. luteum, E. minutum, E. mirabile, E. montanum, E. nevadense, E. nivium, E. obcordatum, E. obscurum, E. oreganum, E. oregonense, E. pallidum, E. palustre, E. parviflorum, E. rigidum, E. saximontanum, E. septentrionale, E. siskiyouense, E. smithii, E. suffruticosum, E. torreyi
Synonyms E. densum var. nesophilum, E. nesophilum, E. oliganthum var. gracile, E. palustre var. gracile, E. squamatum, E. tenellum E. paddoense
Name authority Rafinesque: Précis Découv. Somiol., 41. (1814) Haussknecht: Monogr. Epilobium, 258, plate 14, fig. 67. (1884)
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