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bog willow-herb, linearleaf willowweed, narrow-leaf willowherb, slender leaf willowherb, épilobe leptophylle

Hornemann's willow-herb, épilobe de Hornemann

Habit Herbs with threadlike, nearly leafless epigeous stolons terminating in compact, fleshy turions 3–8 × 2–4 mm. Herbs with short, scaly hypogeous or leafy epigeous soboles.
Stems

erect, simple to loosely clustered, terete, 15–95 cm, simple to well branched, densely strigillose, often mixed glandular puberulent on inflorescence, rarely with faint strigillose lines decurrent from margins of petioles.

ascending to erect, clumped, terete, 10–45 cm, usually simple, rarely branched proximally, subglabrous proximal to inflorescence with sparsely strigillose lines decurrent from margins of petioles, ± sparsely mixed strigillose and glandular puberulent distally.

Leaves

opposite proximally, usually alternate, rarely fasciculate distally, subsessile;

blade linear to very narrowly elliptic or sublanceolate, 2–7.5 × 0.1–0.7 cm, usually longer than internodes, base rounded to subcuneate, margins subentire, 4–7 inconspicuous teeth per side, sometimes revolute, lateral veins inconspicuous, apex obtuse proximally to acute distally, both surfaces densely strigillose, increasing distally;

bracts not much reduced.

opposite proximal to inflorescence, usually alternate distally, petioles 3–9 mm proximally to subsessile distally;

blade broadly elliptic to spatulate proximally, ovate to lanceolate distally, ± coriaceous or not, 1.5–6.2 × 0.7–2.9 cm, base attenuate to cuneate or rounded, margins subentire proximally, denticulate distally with 10–25 teeth per side, veins often inconspicuous, 4–7 per side, apex obtuse to subacute, surfaces glabrous or, sometimes, strigillose along margins;

bracts reduced.

Inflorescences

erect racemes, densely strigillose, often mixed sparsely glandular puberulent.

erect or nodding, open racemes, mixed strigillose and glandular puberulent.

Flowers

erect;

buds 3–5 × 1.5–2.5 mm;

pedicel 5–12 mm;

floral tube 0.8–1.5 × 1.2–1.8 mm, ring of spreading hairs at mouth inside;

sepals 2.5–4.5 × 0.9–1.3 mm, abaxial surface strigillose;

petals obcordate, white to light pink, 3.5–7 × 1.6–4 mm, apical notch 1–1.8 mm;

filaments white or cream, those of longer stamens 0.8–3.5 mm, those of shorter ones 0.6–2.5 mm;

anthers cream, 0.5–0.9 × 0.4–0.6 mm;

ovary 12–18 mm, densely strigillose, sometimes mixed glandular puberulent;

style cream, 2–3.8 mm, stigma narrowly clavate, entire, 1–1.8 × 0.5–1.2 mm, usually surrounded by, rarely exserted beyond, anthers.

erect;

buds 2–5.5 × 2–4 mm;

pedicel 2–5 mm;

floral tube 1–2.2 × 1.3–2.8 mm, sparse ring of hairs at mouth inside or ring absent;

sepals sometimes red-tipped or bright red, 2–7 × 1–2.2 mm, abaxial surface sparsely strigillose and glandular puberulent;

petals usually rose-purple or magenta to light pink, rarely white, 3–10(–11) × 2–6 mm, apical notch 0.7–2.4 mm;

filaments cream to light pink, those of longer stamens 1.4–5(–6) mm, those of shorter ones 1.2–4 mm;

anthers light yellow, 0.4–1.2 × 0.3–0.6 mm;

ovary 15–25 mm, glandular puberulent, sometimes mixed strigillose;

style white or cream, 2–8 mm, stigma cream, clavate or cylindrical, entire, 1.2–3 × 0.5–1 mm, usually surrounded by, rarely exserted beyond, anthers.

Capsules

straight, narrowly cylindrical, 35–80 mm, surfaces densely strigillose;

pedicel 10–35 mm.

35–65 mm, surfaces glandular puberulent, sometimes mixed strigillose;

pedicel 5–15(–25) mm.

Seeds

narrowly fusiform to narrowly obovoid, 1.5–2.2 ×0.5–0.7 mm, chalazal collar 0.1–0.2 mm, ± pronounced, surface papillose;

coma persistent, dingy white, 6–8 mm.

narrowly fusiform or oblanceoloid, 0.9–1.6 × 0.3–0.5 mm, chalazal collar short, 0.05–0.1 mm, blond to brown, surface distinctly papillose or reticulate/smooth;

coma readily detached, dingy white, 6–11 mm.

2n

= 36.

Epilobium leptophyllum

Epilobium hornemannii

Phenology Flowering Jun–Sep.
Habitat Marshy ground, bogs, fens, low thickets, seepage areas, damp pastures.
Elevation 0–1000(–2900) m. (0–3300(–9500) ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; CA; CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; SPM
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
North America; Eurasia
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

The range of Epilobium leptophyllum overlaps with that of the related E. palustre, but the former is less common to the north and more common south into the midwestern United States, and absent only from most of the southern tier of states. It is also relatively uncommon in the western United States and Canada. Judging by the number of herbarium sheets that also include E. palustre, E. densum, and even E. coloratum, it sometimes occurs in sympatry with those species and may rarely hybridize with them, based on plants with intermediate morphology and/or sterile fruits.

Fernald described Epilobium nesophilum from the Magdalen Islands (Quebec), and especially Newfoundland, first as a variety of E. densum (1918), then as a separate species (1925).

Epilobium rosmarinifolium Pursh 1813, an illegitimate name (not Haenke 1788), pertains here.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

Epilobium hornemannii occurs widely in montane and boreal regions in North America and western Eurasia, and also in Japan and the Russian Far East. It is characterized by having the CC chromosome arrangement and is included in the Alpinae alliance with E. anagallidifolium, E. lactiflorum, and others (I. Kytövuori 1972).

W. Trelease (1891) discussed eastern and western forms of Epilobium hornemannii, the latter divided into two variations; however, he did not formally recognize any of these variants.

P. A. Munz (1965) included the Eurasian Epilobium alsinifolium Villars in his North American treatment, noting that it occurred in Greenland. However, B. Fredskild (1984) suggested that, for the most part, these determinations represent misidentifications of E. hornemannii.

The two subspecies recognized here intergrade throughout much of their shared range, but whereas subsp. hornemannii is commonly found in high montane to alpine regions, in the northern part of its range it grows at much lower elevations, and in maritime areasis replaced by coriaceous-leaved forms here designated as subsp. behringianum. The situation is rather analogous to the pattern seen in E. ciliatum in which subsp. ciliatum is wide-ranging and variable, but replaced in Pacific maritime areas by subsp. watsonii, from which it differs consistently in most specimens, but sometimes intergrades.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Leaves not coriaceous, petioles 3–7 mm proximally; sepals 2–4.5 mm; petals 3–9 mm; capsules 40–65 mm; seeds 0.9–1.2 mm, surface papillose.
subsp. hornemannii
1. Leaves ± coriaceous, petioles 4–9 mm proximally; sepals 5–7 mm; petals 8–10(–11) mm; capsules 35–55 mm; seeds 0.9–1.6 mm, surface reticulate.
subsp. behringianum
Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Epilobium Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Epilobium
Sibling taxa
E. anagallidifolium, E. arcticum, E. brachycarpum, E. campestre, E. canum, E. ciliatum, E. clavatum, E. cleistogamum, E. coloratum, E. davuricum, E. densiflorum, E. densum, E. foliosum, E. glaberrimum, E. hallianum, E. hirsutum, E. hornemannii, E. howellii, E. lactiflorum, E. leptocarpum, E. luteum, E. minutum, E. mirabile, E. montanum, E. nevadense, E. nivium, E. obcordatum, E. obscurum, E. oreganum, E. oregonense, E. pallidum, E. palustre, E. parviflorum, E. rigidum, E. saximontanum, E. septentrionale, E. siskiyouense, E. smithii, E. suffruticosum, E. torreyi
E. anagallidifolium, E. arcticum, E. brachycarpum, E. campestre, E. canum, E. ciliatum, E. clavatum, E. cleistogamum, E. coloratum, E. davuricum, E. densiflorum, E. densum, E. foliosum, E. glaberrimum, E. hallianum, E. hirsutum, E. howellii, E. lactiflorum, E. leptocarpum, E. leptophyllum, E. luteum, E. minutum, E. mirabile, E. montanum, E. nevadense, E. nivium, E. obcordatum, E. obscurum, E. oreganum, E. oregonense, E. pallidum, E. palustre, E. parviflorum, E. rigidum, E. saximontanum, E. septentrionale, E. siskiyouense, E. smithii, E. suffruticosum, E. torreyi
Subordinate taxa
E. hornemannii subsp. behringianum, E. hornemannii subsp. hornemannii
Synonyms E. densum var. nesophilum, E. nesophilum, E. oliganthum var. gracile, E. palustre var. gracile, E. squamatum, E. tenellum E. nutans
Name authority Rafinesque: Précis Découv. Somiol., 41. (1814) Reichenbach: Iconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 2: 73. (1824) — (as hornemanni)
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