Epilobium leptophyllum |
Epilobium densum |
|
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bog willow-herb, linearleaf willowweed, narrow-leaf willowherb, slender leaf willowherb, épilobe leptophylle |
downy willowherb, épilobe dressé |
|
Habit | Herbs with threadlike, nearly leafless epigeous stolons terminating in compact, fleshy turions 3–8 × 2–4 mm. | Herbs with threadlike, sparsely leaved epigeous stolons terminating with compact fleshy turions 4–8 × 3–4 mm. |
Stems | erect, simple to loosely clustered, terete, 15–95 cm, simple to well branched, densely strigillose, often mixed glandular puberulent on inflorescence, rarely with faint strigillose lines decurrent from margins of petioles. |
erect, simple or loosely clustered, terete, 15–95 cm, often well branched distally, densely villous throughout, sometimes mixed glandular puberulent distally, decurrent lines absent. |
Leaves | opposite proximally, usually alternate, rarely fasciculate distally, subsessile; blade linear to very narrowly elliptic or sublanceolate, 2–7.5 × 0.1–0.7 cm, usually longer than internodes, base rounded to subcuneate, margins subentire, 4–7 inconspicuous teeth per side, sometimes revolute, lateral veins inconspicuous, apex obtuse proximally to acute distally, both surfaces densely strigillose, increasing distally; bracts not much reduced. |
opposite proximally, alternate and often fasciculate distally, subsessile; blade oblong-lanceolate to sublinear, 2–4.5 × 0.3–0.9 cm, ± exceeding internodes, base cuneate, margins entire or denticulate, 3–6 inconspicuous teeth per side, sometimes revolute, veins apparent on abaxial side, 3–5 per side, apex acute, surfaces villous, especially distally; bracts somewhat reduced. |
Inflorescences | erect racemes, densely strigillose, often mixed sparsely glandular puberulent. |
erect racemes, branched or not, densely villous, sometimes mixed glandular puberulent. |
Flowers | erect; buds 3–5 × 1.5–2.5 mm; pedicel 5–12 mm; floral tube 0.8–1.5 × 1.2–1.8 mm, ring of spreading hairs at mouth inside; sepals 2.5–4.5 × 0.9–1.3 mm, abaxial surface strigillose; petals obcordate, white to light pink, 3.5–7 × 1.6–4 mm, apical notch 1–1.8 mm; filaments white or cream, those of longer stamens 0.8–3.5 mm, those of shorter ones 0.6–2.5 mm; anthers cream, 0.5–0.9 × 0.4–0.6 mm; ovary 12–18 mm, densely strigillose, sometimes mixed glandular puberulent; style cream, 2–3.8 mm, stigma narrowly clavate, entire, 1–1.8 × 0.5–1.2 mm, usually surrounded by, rarely exserted beyond, anthers. |
erect; buds 2.5–5 × 1.5–1.5 mm; pedicel 3–8 mm; floral tube 1–1.8 ×1–2 mm, ring of spreading hairs at mouth inside; sepals 2–4.5 × 1–1.3 mm, abaxial surface villous and glandular puberulent; petals light to dark pink, obcordate, 4–6 × 2–3 mm, apical notch 1–1.5 mm; filaments pink, those of longer stamens 2–3.5 mm, those of shorter ones 1–2 mm; anthers cream, 0.5–0.8 × 0.4–0.6 mm; ovary 12–20 mm, densely villous, often mixed glandular puberulent; style cream, 2–3.5 mm, stigma narrowly clavate, entire, 1–1.6 × 0.5–1 mm, surrounded by anthers. |
Capsules | straight, narrowly cylindrical, 35–80 mm, surfaces densely strigillose; pedicel 10–35 mm. |
35–68 mm, short-beaked, surfaces densely villous, sometimes mixed glandular puberulent; pedicel 5–15 mm. |
Seeds | narrowly fusiform to narrowly obovoid, 1.5–2.2 ×0.5–0.7 mm, chalazal collar 0.1–0.2 mm, ± pronounced, surface papillose; coma persistent, dingy white, 6–8 mm. |
narrowly fusiform to narrowly obovoid, 1.5–2 × 0.5–0.6 mm, chalazal collar inconspicuous, 0.1 mm, surface low papillose; coma persistent, dingy white, 6–8 mm. |
2n | = 36. |
= 36. |
Epilobium leptophyllum |
Epilobium densum |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Sep. | Flowering Jul–Sep. |
Habitat | Marshy ground, bogs, fens, low thickets, seepage areas, damp pastures. | Sphagnum and peat bogs, marshes, seeps, damp pastures. |
Elevation | 0–1000(–2900) m. (0–3300(–9500) ft.) | 0–600 m. (0–2000 ft.) |
Distribution |
AK; CA; CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; SPM
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CT; IA; IL; IN; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; VA; VT; WI; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC |
Discussion | The range of Epilobium leptophyllum overlaps with that of the related E. palustre, but the former is less common to the north and more common south into the midwestern United States, and absent only from most of the southern tier of states. It is also relatively uncommon in the western United States and Canada. Judging by the number of herbarium sheets that also include E. palustre, E. densum, and even E. coloratum, it sometimes occurs in sympatry with those species and may rarely hybridize with them, based on plants with intermediate morphology and/or sterile fruits. Fernald described Epilobium nesophilum from the Magdalen Islands (Quebec), and especially Newfoundland, first as a variety of E. densum (1918), then as a separate species (1925). Epilobium rosmarinifolium Pursh 1813, an illegitimate name (not Haenke 1788), pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Epilobium densum is relatively uncommon but widely distributed within the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River region in boggy or marshy areas. Within that region, it sometimes grows in close proximity with E. leptophyllum and E. palustre; it is densely pubescent like E. leptophyllum, and although the type of hairs differs markedly on the two species, they sometimes are found mixed on herbarium sheets. Because it is less pubescent, E. palustre is rarely mixed or confused with E. densum. Hybrids among these species occur but are uncommon and generally marked by slightly to moderately reduced seed fertility. M. L. Fernald (1944d), among others, argued that names published in the Catalogus by Muhlenberg were not validly published. In the case of Epilobium strictum, K. Sprengel considered that Muhlenberg provided enough of a description (upright, soft) to validate the name in 1825. However, Rafinesque had validly published the name E. densum for the same taxon in 1814. Epilobium molle Torrey is an illegitimate name that pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Epilobium | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Epilobium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | E. densum var. nesophilum, E. nesophilum, E. oliganthum var. gracile, E. palustre var. gracile, E. squamatum, E. tenellum | E. strictum |
Name authority | Rafinesque: Précis Découv. Somiol., 41. (1814) | Rafinesque: Précis Découv. Somiol. 42. (1814) |
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