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glandular willowherb, Hall's willowherb, Sierra willowherb

Nevada willowherb

Habit Herbs with small, 3–6 mm, round or oblong, compact turions 1–5 cm below ground. Herbs with many shoots from thick, woody caudex.
Stems

strict, erect, terete, 2–50(–60) cm, rarely branched only in larger plants, subglabrous proximal to inflorescence except for raised strigillose lines decurrent from margins of petioles, or sometimes ± densely long-villous throughout with inconspicuous decurrent lines.

erect or ascending, terete, 10–50 cm, branched at base and apically, densely strigillose throughout, sometimes mixed villous distally.

Leaves

opposite proximally, alternate on inflorescence, subsessile or proximally with petioles 1–1.5 mm;

blade ovate proximally to lanceolate or narrowly elliptic distally, 0.5–4.7 × 0.2–1.4 cm, base rounded to cuneate, margins subentire proximally to denticulate distally, 8–20 teeth per side, veins inconspicuous, 3–6 per side, apex obtuse to subacute, surfaces mostly glabrous with strigillose margins;

bracts much reduced.

proximal pairs often early-deciduous, petiole 1–4 mm, blade lanceolate-elliptic to narrowly so, ± folded along midrib, 0.9–1.7 × 0.2–0.6 cm, shorter than internodes, base attenuate or narrowly cuneate, margins denticulate, 6–10 low teeth per side, lateral veins inconspicuous or absent, apex acute with deciduous, rigid mucronate gland, surfaces usually glabrescent with scattered hairs on abaxial midrib, rarely strigillose-villous throughout;

bracts much reduced, sublinear, often attached to pedicel.

Inflorescences

usually nodding in bud, erect later, open racemes, sometimes congested, usually mixed strigillose and glandular puberulent, rarely also mixed villous, or rarely subglabrous.

erect, open racemes or panicles, strigillose, often mixed glandular puberulent.

Flowers

erect;

buds 2–5 × 1–2 mm;

pedicel 3–8 mm;

floral tube 0.5–1.7 × 0.8–1.6 mm, with slightly raised ring of spreading hairs at mouth inside;

sepals green, 1.2–2.8 × 0.5–1 mm, abaxial surface subglabrous or sparsely glandular puberulent;

petals white, often fading pink, 1.6–5.5 × 1.2–3 mm, apical notch 0.3–1.2 mm;

filaments white or cream, those of longer stamens 0.6–2.5 mm, those of shorter ones 0.4–1.5 mm;

anthers cream, 0.2–0.9 × 0.2–0.5 mm;

ovary 10–14 mm, strigillose and glandular puberulent or subglabrous;

style cream, 0.8–5 mm, stigma clavate, entire, 0.4–1.2 × 0.3–0.7 mm, usually surrounded by, rarely exserted beyond, anthers.

erect to ± nodding;

buds rounded-obovoid, 5–6 × 3–4 mm;

floral tube with slight constriction 2–3 mm distal to base, 2.7–3.2(–5) × 1.8–2.5(–3.1) mm, without ring or scales inside, glabrous;

sepals erect or sometimes deflexed in late anthesis, green or reddish green, lanceolate, 2.6–4.2 × 0.9–1.3 mm, apex acute;

petals deep rose-purple, obcordate, 5–7.2 × 3.2–4.1 mm, apical notch 2–3 mm;

filaments cream or white, those of longer stamens 5–7.5 mm, those of shorter ones 3.5–5.5 mm;

anthers cream, 1–1.8 × 0.5–0.8 mm, scarcely apiculate;

ovary 2.5–3.8 mm, densely strigillose and/or glandular puberulent;

style cream, 6–9.5 mm, glabrous, stigma 4-lobed, 0.8–1.2 × 1–1.5 mm, lobes reflexed or sometimes incompletely spread, then forming cup-like structure, exserted beyond longer anthers.

Capsules

very narrowly cylindrical, (15–)24–60 mm, surfaces usually subglabrous to mixed strigillose and glandular puberulent, rarely sparsely villous;

pedicel 8–40 mm.

erect, subfusiform, 8–12 mm, surfaces strigillose and/or glandular puberulent;

pedicel 1–1.8 mm.

Seeds

narrowly fusiform to narrowly obovoid, 1.1–1.6 × 0.4–0.6 mm, chalazal collar ± conspicuous, 0.05–0.2 mm, light brown, surface papillose;

coma easily detached, white, 3–6 mm.

obovoid, with constriction 0.6–1 mm from micropylar end, 2.1–2.9 × 1.2–1.5 mm, very inconspicuous chalazal collar 0.05–0.06 mm wide, dark brown, surface low papillose, papillae often with central pit;

coma easily detached, white, 6–7.5 mm.

2n

= 36.

= 30.

Epilobium hallianum

Epilobium nevadense

Phenology Flowering Jun–Sep. Flowering Jul–Sep.
Habitat Semi-shaded stream banks, wet grassy slopes or meadows, bogs, seasonally wet sites, vernal pools. Loose scree slopes, limestone talus, sandy soils at base of steep rock faces in pinyon pine-juniper-mountain brush communities.
Elevation 100–3700 m. (300–12100 ft.) 1800–2800 m. (5900–9200 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; SD; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; SK
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; NV; UT
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Epilobium hallianum has condensed fleshy turions and generally strict habit, suggesting an affinity with E. ciliatum or E. saximontanum, both with the AA arrangement. However, E. hallianum has the BB arrangement (S. R. Seavey and P. H. Raven 1978) and apparently more distant relationship to those other species.

In different parts of its geographical range Epilobium hallianum shows considerable morphological variability, especially in leaf shape and margins, and in type and pattern of stem vestiture, including plants in the southern part of its range with densely villous stems that have been treated as E. ursinum. In part because of this variability and in part because the very characteristic condensed turions are easily lost during collection and/or often overlooked, E. hallianum is frequently misidentified.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

In his description of Epilobium nevadense, Munz clearly recognized its affinity to E. nivium and suggested a close relationship between these two species and E. brachycarpum, based on similarities in seed and floral morphology. S. R. Seavey and P. H. Raven (1977c) demonstrated the close affinity between E. nivium and E. nevadense by forming fully fertile (99%) hybrids. However, compared to E. nivium, E. nevadense has denticulate, subglabrous leaves (versus subentire, densely pubescent leaves) and shorter floral tube [2.7–3.2(–5) mm] versus longer (5.2–9.5 mm) in E. nivium; furthermore, the two have completely non-overlapping geographical ranges. In overall morphology and cytology, these two species (and the somewhat more distantly related E. suffruticosum) are quite distinct from the rest of the genus.

Originally known only from the Charleston Mountains in southern Nevada, Epilobium nevadense has since been collected in northern Arizona, Eureka and Lincoln counties in Nevada, and in three counties of southwestern Utah. It may be more widespread in this region, much of which (especially in southern Nevada) consists of military reserves that are inaccessible to collectors. Although it was at one time considered endangered (S. D. Ripley 1975) due to the relatively low number of collections and threats from increased recreational use in its area of occurrence, it is no longer considered a candidate for listing (http://endangered.fws.gov). Several collections of this species show evidence of seed predation, apparently by moth larvae (H. N. Mozingo and Margaret Williams 1980), and S. R. Seavey and P. H. Raven (1977c) reported that larvae found in capsules from the locality in the Charleston Mountains were identified as Mompha (Momphidae, Gelechioidea).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Epilobium Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Cordylophorum > subsect. Petrolobium
Sibling taxa
E. anagallidifolium, E. arcticum, E. brachycarpum, E. campestre, E. canum, E. ciliatum, E. clavatum, E. cleistogamum, E. coloratum, E. davuricum, E. densiflorum, E. densum, E. foliosum, E. glaberrimum, E. hirsutum, E. hornemannii, E. howellii, E. lactiflorum, E. leptocarpum, E. leptophyllum, E. luteum, E. minutum, E. mirabile, E. montanum, E. nevadense, E. nivium, E. obcordatum, E. obscurum, E. oreganum, E. oregonense, E. pallidum, E. palustre, E. parviflorum, E. rigidum, E. saximontanum, E. septentrionale, E. siskiyouense, E. smithii, E. suffruticosum, E. torreyi
E. anagallidifolium, E. arcticum, E. brachycarpum, E. campestre, E. canum, E. ciliatum, E. clavatum, E. cleistogamum, E. coloratum, E. davuricum, E. densiflorum, E. densum, E. foliosum, E. glaberrimum, E. hallianum, E. hirsutum, E. hornemannii, E. howellii, E. lactiflorum, E. leptocarpum, E. leptophyllum, E. luteum, E. minutum, E. mirabile, E. montanum, E. nivium, E. obcordatum, E. obscurum, E. oreganum, E. oregonense, E. pallidum, E. palustre, E. parviflorum, E. rigidum, E. saximontanum, E. septentrionale, E. siskiyouense, E. smithii, E. suffruticosum, E. torreyi
Synonyms E. brevistylum var. pringleanum, E. brevistylum var. subfalcatum, E. brevistylum var. tenue, E. brevistylum var. ursinum, E. delicatum var. tenue, E. glandulosum var. tenue, E. pringleanum, E. pringleanum var. tenue, E. ursinum, E. ursinum var. subfalcatum
Name authority Haussknecht: Monogr. Epilobium, 261. (1884) — (as halleanum) Munz: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 56: 166. (1929)
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