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glandular willowherb, Hall's willowherb, Sierra willowherb

hairy-stem willowherb, Olympic Mountain willowherb

Habit Herbs with small, 3–6 mm, round or oblong, compact turions 1–5 cm below ground. Herbs with sessile, compact, fleshy turions that leave dark basal scales.
Stems

strict, erect, terete, 2–50(–60) cm, rarely branched only in larger plants, subglabrous proximal to inflorescence except for raised strigillose lines decurrent from margins of petioles, or sometimes ± densely long-villous throughout with inconspicuous decurrent lines.

erect, loosely or not clumped, terete, 7–30 cm, usually simple, rarely branched, subglabrous with raised strigillose lines decurrent from margins of petioles, or densely strigillose and without raised lines.

Leaves

opposite proximally, alternate on inflorescence, subsessile or proximally with petioles 1–1.5 mm;

blade ovate proximally to lanceolate or narrowly elliptic distally, 0.5–4.7 × 0.2–1.4 cm, base rounded to cuneate, margins subentire proximally to denticulate distally, 8–20 teeth per side, veins inconspicuous, 3–6 per side, apex obtuse to subacute, surfaces mostly glabrous with strigillose margins;

bracts much reduced.

opposite proximal to inflorescence, alternate distally, petioles 1–3 mm proximally, subsessile distally;

blade ovate to narrowly ovate, coriaceous, 1.5–3 × 0.7–1.2 cm, base rounded to cuneate, margins denticulate, 8–12 teeth per side, veins indistinct, 4–9 per side, apex obtuse proximally to acute distally, surfaces sparsely strigillose, mainly on margins and midrib;

bracts not much reduced.

Inflorescences

usually nodding in bud, erect later, open racemes, sometimes congested, usually mixed strigillose and glandular puberulent, rarely also mixed villous, or rarely subglabrous.

erect racemes, rarely branched, densely strigillose.

Flowers

erect;

buds 2–5 × 1–2 mm;

pedicel 3–8 mm;

floral tube 0.5–1.7 × 0.8–1.6 mm, with slightly raised ring of spreading hairs at mouth inside;

sepals green, 1.2–2.8 × 0.5–1 mm, abaxial surface subglabrous or sparsely glandular puberulent;

petals white, often fading pink, 1.6–5.5 × 1.2–3 mm, apical notch 0.3–1.2 mm;

filaments white or cream, those of longer stamens 0.6–2.5 mm, those of shorter ones 0.4–1.5 mm;

anthers cream, 0.2–0.9 × 0.2–0.5 mm;

ovary 10–14 mm, strigillose and glandular puberulent or subglabrous;

style cream, 0.8–5 mm, stigma clavate, entire, 0.4–1.2 × 0.3–0.7 mm, usually surrounded by, rarely exserted beyond, anthers.

erect;

buds 3–4 × 1.5–2.2 mm;

pedicel 4–5 mm;

floral tube 1.5–2 × 1.6–2.2 mm, sparsely glandular puberulent, sometimes mixed strigillose;

sepals often purplish red, 2–3.2 ×1.5–2.4 mm;

petals white, often red-tinged at apex, 3.8–5 × 2–3 mm, apical notch 0.4–0.8 mm;

filaments cream, those of longer stamens 1.4–2.3 mm, those of shorter ones 0.8–1.4 mm;

anthers 0.4–0.6 × 0.3–0.5 mm;

ovary 10–18 mm, densely strigillose and glandular puberulent;

style yellow or light pink, 2–2.3 mm, stigma broadly clavate, 0.8–1 × 0.6–0.7 mm, surrounded by longer anthers.

Capsules

very narrowly cylindrical, (15–)24–60 mm, surfaces usually subglabrous to mixed strigillose and glandular puberulent, rarely sparsely villous;

pedicel 8–40 mm.

30–45 mm, relatively thick (2–3 mm), surfaces ± sparsely glandular puberulent and mixed strigillose;

pedicel 5–16 mm.

Seeds

narrowly fusiform to narrowly obovoid, 1.1–1.6 × 0.4–0.6 mm, chalazal collar ± conspicuous, 0.05–0.2 mm, light brown, surface papillose;

coma easily detached, white, 3–6 mm.

narrowly obovoid, 1.7–2.2 × 0.6–0.8 mm, chalazal collar inconspicuous, gray to light brown, surface low papillose or reticulate;

coma readily detached, white, very full, 10–15 mm.

2n

= 36.

= 36.

Epilobium hallianum

Epilobium mirabile

Phenology Flowering Jun–Sep. Flowering Jul–Aug.
Habitat Semi-shaded stream banks, wet grassy slopes or meadows, bogs, seasonally wet sites, vernal pools. Subalpine scree slopes, gravelly tussock meadows.
Elevation 100–3700 m. (300–12100 ft.) 1500–2600 m. (4900–8500 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; SD; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; SK
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
MT; WA; AB; BC
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Epilobium hallianum has condensed fleshy turions and generally strict habit, suggesting an affinity with E. ciliatum or E. saximontanum, both with the AA arrangement. However, E. hallianum has the BB arrangement (S. R. Seavey and P. H. Raven 1978) and apparently more distant relationship to those other species.

In different parts of its geographical range Epilobium hallianum shows considerable morphological variability, especially in leaf shape and margins, and in type and pattern of stem vestiture, including plants in the southern part of its range with densely villous stems that have been treated as E. ursinum. In part because of this variability and in part because the very characteristic condensed turions are easily lost during collection and/or often overlooked, E. hallianum is frequently misidentified.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Epilobium mirabile also has the CC chromosomal arrangement and is one of the least common species of Epilobium in North America; fewer than 20 collections are known, even though its range is quite large. Most collections are from the Olympic Peninsula in Washington or Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park in Alberta and adjacent Montana. However, one collection is known from Powell County in central Montana, and one from Manning Provincial Park in British Columbia. The species may be more widespread but under-collected due to its restricted habitat, mainly on subalpine south-facing scree slopes.

Specimens of Epilobium mirabile from the northern Rocky Mountains (Alberta and Montana) have subglabrous stems with strong, raised, strigillose lines and seeds with low papillose surfaces, whereas specimens from the northern Cascades (British Columbia) and Olympic Mountains (Washington) have densely strigillose stems with no raised lines and seeds with reticulate surfaces. The plants otherwise have very similar and distinctive morphology and ecology.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Epilobium Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Epilobium
Sibling taxa
E. anagallidifolium, E. arcticum, E. brachycarpum, E. campestre, E. canum, E. ciliatum, E. clavatum, E. cleistogamum, E. coloratum, E. davuricum, E. densiflorum, E. densum, E. foliosum, E. glaberrimum, E. hirsutum, E. hornemannii, E. howellii, E. lactiflorum, E. leptocarpum, E. leptophyllum, E. luteum, E. minutum, E. mirabile, E. montanum, E. nevadense, E. nivium, E. obcordatum, E. obscurum, E. oreganum, E. oregonense, E. pallidum, E. palustre, E. parviflorum, E. rigidum, E. saximontanum, E. septentrionale, E. siskiyouense, E. smithii, E. suffruticosum, E. torreyi
E. anagallidifolium, E. arcticum, E. brachycarpum, E. campestre, E. canum, E. ciliatum, E. clavatum, E. cleistogamum, E. coloratum, E. davuricum, E. densiflorum, E. densum, E. foliosum, E. glaberrimum, E. hallianum, E. hirsutum, E. hornemannii, E. howellii, E. lactiflorum, E. leptocarpum, E. leptophyllum, E. luteum, E. minutum, E. montanum, E. nevadense, E. nivium, E. obcordatum, E. obscurum, E. oreganum, E. oregonense, E. pallidum, E. palustre, E. parviflorum, E. rigidum, E. saximontanum, E. septentrionale, E. siskiyouense, E. smithii, E. suffruticosum, E. torreyi
Synonyms E. brevistylum var. pringleanum, E. brevistylum var. subfalcatum, E. brevistylum var. tenue, E. brevistylum var. ursinum, E. delicatum var. tenue, E. glandulosum var. tenue, E. pringleanum, E. pringleanum var. tenue, E. ursinum, E. ursinum var. subfalcatum
Name authority Haussknecht: Monogr. Epilobium, 261. (1884) — (as halleanum) Trelease: Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 11: 404. (1906)
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