Epilobium glaberrimum |
Epilobium campestre |
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glaucous willowherb, glaucus willowherb, smooth willowherb |
pygmy willowherb, smooth boisduvalia, smooth spike-primrose, smooth willowherb |
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Habit | Herbs with branching, wiry basal shoots with crowded, often dark, scales. | Herbs with 1 or more unbranched taproots. | ||||
Stems | many, erect or ascending, often densely clumped, slender, terete, 5–75(–85) cm, simple or distally branched, glabrous and glaucous, sometimes strigillose and/or mixed glandular puberulent distally, rarely with faint raised strigillose lines decurrent from margins of distal petioles. |
usually suberect, rarely matted, terete, 1.5–50 cm, often with sprawling, decumbent proximal branches, rarely simple, glabrous proximally or throughout, sometimes ± densely strigillose and/or villous distally. |
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Leaves | opposite and crowded proximal to inflorescence, alternate and widely spaced distally, subsessile and ± clasping; blade light green or blue-green, very narrowly lanceolate to narrowly ovate or elliptic, (0.5–)1–7.2 × (0.3–)0.5–1.8 cm, base cuneate, margins subentire or faintly denticulate, 8–15 teeth per side, veins inconspicuous, 3–6 per side, apex obtuse proximally to acute distally, glabrous and glaucous; bracts much reduced and narrower. |
crowded, subsessile, blade lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate or oblong, 0.8–3.5 × 0.2–0.6(–1) cm, longer than subtending internodes, base cuneate, margins evenly serrulate, 4–7 teeth per side, lateral veins obscure, 2–5 per side, apex acute, surfaces strigillose and ± villous, at least along veins and margins; bracts not much reduced. |
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Inflorescences | erect racemes, glabrous or ± sparsely glandular puberulent, sometimes mixed strigillose. |
erect spikes, congested, unbranched, densely strigillose and ± villous or subglabrous. |
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Flowers | erect; buds 2.5–5 × 2–3.5 mm; pedicel 2–11(–20) mm; floral tube 0.7–2.3 × 1–2.5 mm, ring of spreading hairs at mouth inside or without a ring; sepals often red-tipped, sometimes keeled, 2.5–7.5 × 0.8–2 mm, abaxial surface glabrous or strigillose and/or glandular puberulent; petals usually light pink to rose-purple, rarely white, 3.4–10(–12) × 1.8–5 mm, apical notch 0.5–3 mm; filaments purple to white or cream, those of longer stamens 2.4–5(–6) mm, those of shorter ones 1.4–4 mm; anthers light yellow, 0.5–1.2(–1.5) × 0.3–0.7 mm; ovary 10–42 mm, subglabrous to sparsely mixed strigillose and glandular puberulent; style light yellow or cream, 1.7–5(–7) mm, stigma clavate to subcapitate, 0.8–3 × 0.5–1.2 mm, usually surrounded by, rarely exserted beyond, longer anthers. |
erect, often hidden by subtending bracts, often cleistogamous; buds 1.2–2 × 0.7–1.1 mm; floral tube 0.3–1.1 × 0.2–0.8 mm, raised ciliate ring proximal to mouth inside; sepals reddish green, 0.7–1.9 × 0.6–1.2 mm; petals pale pink, fading purplish rose, 0.9–3.5 × 0.7–0.9 mm, apical notch 0.3–1.3 mm; filaments light pink, those of longer stamens 0.5–1.5 mm, those of shorter ones 0.4–0.9 mm; anthers pale yellow, 0.4–0.8 × 0.3–0.5 mm; ovary 3–5 mm, usually densely villous; style pale pink, 0.6–1.8 mm, stigma clavate, irregularly 4-lobed to subentire, 0.5–1 × 0.2–0.6 mm, surrounded by longer anthers. |
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Capsules | 15–75 mm, with small protuberance at base, surfaces subglabrous to sparsely mixed strigillose and glandular puberulent; pedicel 5–18(–25) mm. |
cylindrical to subfusiform, ± terete, 4.5–8 mm, beak 0.8–1 mm, usually dehiscing on distal 1/3, sometimes tardily splitting to base, central axis prematurely disintegrating, villous; subsessile. |
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Seeds | narrowly obovoid, 0.7–1(–1.3) × 0.3–0.5 mm, chalazal collar inconspicuous, light brown or gray, surface coarsely papillose in longitudinal rows; coma readily detached, white, 4–9 mm. |
7–14 per tightly packed row, irregularly angular-fusiform, 1–1.3 × 0.4–0.6 mm, chalazal collar absent, surface irregularly reticulate. |
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2n | = 30. |
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Epilobium glaberrimum |
Epilobium campestre |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Sep. | |||||
Habitat | Vernally moist flats, depressions, shores, and open fields, usually clay soils. | |||||
Elevation | 30–3000 m. (100–9800 ft.) | |||||
Distribution |
w North America; nw Mexico
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AZ; CA; ID; MT; ND; NM; NV; OR; SD; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; SK; Mexico (Baja California); South America (Argentina)
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Discussion | Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Epilobium glaberrimum is restricted mainly to the Sierra Nevada-Cascade region, but also (subsp. fastigiatum) in the northern Rocky Mountains. It is one of the more easily identified species due to its consistently glabrous and glaucous aspect. Although the distributions and elevational ranges of the two subspecies appear to overlap extensively, they are largely allopatric with subsp. glaberrimum occurring in lower to mid montane zones and subsp. fastigiatum in upper montane to subalpine zones in the southern part of its range, and in lower zones farther north. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Epilobium campestre is widespread in temperate western North America. Like E. cleistogamum, it also grows in habitats that are only moist early in the growing season, or otherwise ephemeral moist places, like shores of reservoirs with fluctuating water levels(P. H. Raven and D. M. Moore 1965), and consequently flowers earlier than most species of Epilobium. The occurrence of this species in Chubut Province, Argentina, appears to be the result of natural long-distance dispersal, probably by birds. Seeds of Epilobium campestre are inclined about 20° from vertical, which while unique and characteristic is a difficult character to observe. Seeds are tightly packed in rigid capsules, as described under E. cleistogamum. Oenothera pygmaea Spegazzini 1899, an illegitimate name (not Douglas 1832), pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. | ||||
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Epilobium | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Epilobiopsis | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | E. fastigiatum var. glaberrimum | Boisduvalia campestris, B. glabella, B. glabella var. campestris, B. pygmaea, E. pygmaeum, Oenothera glabella | ||||
Name authority | Barbey in W. H. Brewer et al.: Bot. California 1: 220. (1876) | (Jepson) Hoch & W. L. Wagner: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 208. (2007) | ||||
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