Epilobium clavatum |
Epilobium hornemannii |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
clavatefruit willowherb, club willowherb, club-fruit willowherb, club-pod willowherb, talus willow-herb |
Hornemann's willow-herb, épilobe de Hornemann |
|||||
Habit | Herbs with wiry, scaly soboles just below ground level, often with extended semi-woody rootstock. | Herbs with short, scaly hypogeous or leafy epigeous soboles. | ||||
Stems | numerous, ascending, clumped, terete, 5–15(–22) cm, usually simple, rarely branched, subglabrous, with raised strigillose lines decurrent from petioles, ± densely strigillose and often mixed glandular puberulent distally. |
ascending to erect, clumped, terete, 10–45 cm, usually simple, rarely branched proximally, subglabrous proximal to inflorescence with sparsely strigillose lines decurrent from margins of petioles, ± sparsely mixed strigillose and glandular puberulent distally. |
||||
Leaves | crowded and opposite proximal to inflorescence, alternate distally, petiole 0–3 mm; blade obovate proximally to ovate or elliptic distally, 0.5–2.8 ×0.6–1.6 cm, base attenuate proximally to obtuse distally, margins subentire to sparsely denticulate, 3–6 teeth per side, veins obscure, 2–4 per side, apex obtuse proximally to subacute distally, surfaces subglabrous or sparsely strigillose margins and abaxial midrib, sometimes subglaucous; bracts not much reduced, sessile. |
opposite proximal to inflorescence, usually alternate distally, petioles 3–9 mm proximally to subsessile distally; blade broadly elliptic to spatulate proximally, ovate to lanceolate distally, ± coriaceous or not, 1.5–6.2 × 0.7–2.9 cm, base attenuate to cuneate or rounded, margins subentire proximally, denticulate distally with 10–25 teeth per side, veins often inconspicuous, 4–7 per side, apex obtuse to subacute, surfaces glabrous or, sometimes, strigillose along margins; bracts reduced. |
||||
Inflorescences | usually erect, rarely slightly nodding, racemes, strigillose and glandular puberulent, sometimes sparsely so. |
erect or nodding, open racemes, mixed strigillose and glandular puberulent. |
||||
Flowers | erect; buds often purplish green, 3–4.5 × 1.4–2.2 mm; pedicel 3–9 mm; floral tube 0.6–2 × 1–2 mm, glabrous or with a raised ring of sparse hairs at mouth inside; sepals often purplish green, 2.5–4.2 × 1–2 mm, abaxial surface sparsely glandular puberulent to subglabrous; petals rose-purple to pale pink, obcordate, 3.5–6(–7) ×2–4 mm, apical notch 0.5–1 mm; filaments cream, those of longer stamens 1.8–4 mm, those of shorter ones 1–3 mm; anthers light yellow, 0.4–0.9 × 0.25–0.5 mm; ovary often reddish purple, 8–20 mm, densely glandular puberulent, often mixed strigillose, rarely subglabrous; style white or pale pink, 1.4–3.2 mm, glabrous, stigma cream, narrowly clavate to subcapitate, 0.8–1.4 × 0.3–0.8 mm, surrounded by at least longer anthers. |
erect; buds 2–5.5 × 2–4 mm; pedicel 2–5 mm; floral tube 1–2.2 × 1.3–2.8 mm, sparse ring of hairs at mouth inside or ring absent; sepals sometimes red-tipped or bright red, 2–7 × 1–2.2 mm, abaxial surface sparsely strigillose and glandular puberulent; petals usually rose-purple or magenta to light pink, rarely white, 3–10(–11) × 2–6 mm, apical notch 0.7–2.4 mm; filaments cream to light pink, those of longer stamens 1.4–5(–6) mm, those of shorter ones 1.2–4 mm; anthers light yellow, 0.4–1.2 × 0.3–0.6 mm; ovary 15–25 mm, glandular puberulent, sometimes mixed strigillose; style white or cream, 2–8 mm, stigma cream, clavate or cylindrical, entire, 1.2–3 × 0.5–1 mm, usually surrounded by, rarely exserted beyond, anthers. |
||||
Capsules | often purplish red, 20–42 mm, surfaces sparsely pubescent or subglabrous; pedicel 2–21 mm. |
35–65 mm, surfaces glandular puberulent, sometimes mixed strigillose; pedicel 5–15(–25) mm. |
||||
Seeds | narrowly obovoid or fusiform, (1.3–)1.5–2.1 × 0.4–0.7 mm, chalazal collar conspicuous, 0.04–0.16 × 0.2–0.4 mm, blond, surface finely reticulate; coma easily detached, white, 5–8 mm. |
narrowly fusiform or oblanceoloid, 0.9–1.6 × 0.3–0.5 mm, chalazal collar short, 0.05–0.1 mm, blond to brown, surface distinctly papillose or reticulate/smooth; coma readily detached, dingy white, 6–11 mm. |
||||
2n | = 36. |
|||||
Epilobium clavatum |
Epilobium hornemannii |
|||||
Phenology | Flowering May–Sep. | |||||
Habitat | Rocky crevices, scree slopes, ledges, stream banks, often near snow banks or moraines in upper montane to alpine zones. | |||||
Elevation | 800–4200 m. (2600–13800 ft.) | |||||
Distribution |
AK; CA; CO; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; NT; YT
|
North America; Eurasia
|
||||
Discussion | Epilobium clavatum shares a clumped habit and the CC chromosomal arrangement with related species in the Alpinae group, but differs from them by its dense, wiry mass of basal soboles arising from an extended and somewhat woody caudex and relatively thick capsules and large seeds (1.3–2 mm). This unusual habit morphology may be the result of growing on unstable, shifting scree slopes. Like E. anagallidifolium, with which it often grows in near-sympatry in alpine areas, it is of notably low stature, often less than 15 cm, and has subentire leaves and capsules rarely exceeding 4 cm. However, E. clavatum does not nod in bud, and generally is more robust than E. anagallidifolium, and it has a much smaller range, being endemic only to the western North American cordilleran region, whereas E. anagallidifolium has a discontinuous circumboreal range. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Epilobium hornemannii occurs widely in montane and boreal regions in North America and western Eurasia, and also in Japan and the Russian Far East. It is characterized by having the CC chromosome arrangement and is included in the Alpinae alliance with E. anagallidifolium, E. lactiflorum, and others (I. Kytövuori 1972). W. Trelease (1891) discussed eastern and western forms of Epilobium hornemannii, the latter divided into two variations; however, he did not formally recognize any of these variants. P. A. Munz (1965) included the Eurasian Epilobium alsinifolium Villars in his North American treatment, noting that it occurred in Greenland. However, B. Fredskild (1984) suggested that, for the most part, these determinations represent misidentifications of E. hornemannii. The two subspecies recognized here intergrade throughout much of their shared range, but whereas subsp. hornemannii is commonly found in high montane to alpine regions, in the northern part of its range it grows at much lower elevations, and in maritime areasis replaced by coriaceous-leaved forms here designated as subsp. behringianum. The situation is rather analogous to the pattern seen in E. ciliatum in which subsp. ciliatum is wide-ranging and variable, but replaced in Pacific maritime areas by subsp. watsonii, from which it differs consistently in most specimens, but sometimes intergrades. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
||||
Key |
|
|||||
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. | ||||
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Epilobium | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Epilobieae > Epilobium > sect. Epilobium | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | E. alpinum var. clavatum | E. nutans | ||||
Name authority | Trelease: Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 2: 111, plate 48. (1891) | Reichenbach: Iconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 2: 73. (1824) — (as hornemanni) | ||||
Web links |
|
|