Epilobium anagallidifolium |
Epilobium davuricum |
|
|---|---|---|
|
alpine willow-herb, pimpernel willow-herb, épilobe à feuilles de mouron |
Dahurian willowherb, northern swamp willowherb, épilobe de daourie |
|
| Habit | Herbs with spreading thin, small-leafed epigeous soboles to 5 cm. | Herbs with basal rosettes of linear leaves 12–40 × 2–5 mm. |
| Stems | many, ascending, often sigmoidally bent, nodding distally, later erect, clumped or mat-forming, terete, 3–20(–25) cm, simple, subglabrous, sometimes with faint raised strigillose lines decurrent from margins of petioles, rarely mixed strigillose and sparsely glandular puberulent distally. |
erect, rarely clumped, terete, 10–40(–45) cm, usually simple, rarely branched, glabrous proximal to inflorescence with sparsely strigillose raised lines decurrent from margins of petioles, mixed strigillose and glandular puberulent distally. |
| Leaves | opposite and crowded proximal to inflorescence, alternate distally, petioles 1–6 mm, rarely subsessile distally; blade spatulate to oblong proximally, elliptic to narrowly lanceolate or sublinear distally, (0.5–)0.8–2.5 × 0.3–1 cm, base attenuate to cuneate, margins subentire proximally, sparsely denticulate distally with 2–5 low teeth per side, veins obscure, 2–4 per side, apex obtuse or rounded proximally to subacute distally, surfaces subglabrous; bracts reduced, usually much narrower. |
opposite and crowded proximal to inflorescence, alternate and scattered distally, subsessile; blade narrowly oblong or narrowly lanceolate to linear, (1.2–)2–4.5 × 0.1–0.5 cm, base attenuate, margins irregularly denticulate, 2–4 teeth per side, veins inconspicuous, 3 or 4 per side, apex subacute to obtuse or ± truncate, surfaces glabrous with sparsely strigillose margins and adaxial midrib; bracts much reduced and narrower. |
| Inflorescences | nodding in bud, later suberect, few-flowered racemes, subglabrous to sparsely strigillose and/or glandular puberulent. |
nodding in bud, suberect later, racemes, simple, mixed strigillose and glandular puberulent, sometimes subglabrous. |
| Flowers | suberect; buds 2–5 × 1–2 mm; pedicel 1–6(–15) mm; floral tube 0.6–1.2 × 0.8–1.8 mm, slightly raised subglabrous ring at mouth inside; sepals green to reddish purple, 1.5–5 × 0.6–1.5 mm, abaxial surface subglabrous to sparsely glandular; petals usually pink to rose-purple, rarely white, narrowly obcordate, (1.7–)2.5–6.5(–8) × 1.6–3.5 mm, apical notch 0.5–1.2 mm; filaments cream to light pink, those of longer stamens 1.4–3.2 mm, those of shorter ones 0.7–2 mm; anthers 0.3–0.6 × 0.2–0.4 mm; ovary often reddish purple, 6–20 mm, subglabrous or sparsely strigillose and glandular puberulent; style white, 1.2–2.5 mm, glabrous, stigma broadly clavate to subcapitate, entire, 0.9–1.5 × 0.4–0.7 mm, surrounded by longer anthers. |
erect, sometimes starting in third most-proximal node; buds 3–6.5 × 1–2 mm; pedicel 4–15 mm; floral tube 0.7–1.6 × 1–2.2 mm, with or often without ring of spreading hairs at mouth inside; sepals 1.2–3.5 × 0.7–1.2 mm, apex subacute; petals white, 2–5.5 × 1.2–3.1 mm, apical notch 0.3–1 mm; filaments white or cream, those of longer stamens 1–2.5 mm, those of shorter ones 0.5–1.4 mm; anthers cream, 0.4–0.6 × 0.3–0.5 mm; ovary usually purplish red, 10–20 mm, sparsely mixed strigillose and glandular puberulent or subglabrous; style cream or white, 0.7–2.5 mm, stigma cylindrical to clavate, entire, 0.8–2 × 0.2–1.2 mm, surrounded by anthers. |
| Capsules | slender, often reddish purple, 17–40(–55) mm, surfaces subglabrous or with scattered hairs; pedicel 5–35(–68) mm. |
slender, 30–55 mm, surfaces sparsely strigillose and glandular puberulent; pedicel 8–38 mm. |
| Seeds | narrowly obovoid, 0.7–1.4 × 0.3–0.5 mm, inconspicuous chalazal collar 0.1–0.2 mm wide, light brown, surface reticulate (smooth); coma persistent, dull white, 2–4 mm. |
narrowly attenuate, 1.4–2 × 0.3–0.5 mm, chalazal collar conspicuous, 0.1–0.3 mm, light brown or blond, surface papillose; coma persistent, white, 3–5 mm. |
| 2n | = 36. |
= 36. |
Epilobium anagallidifolium |
Epilobium davuricum |
|
| Phenology | Flowering Jun–Sep. | Flowering Jul–Aug. |
| Habitat | Moist flats, stream banks, subarctic coastal marsh edges, high montane and alpine meadows and seeps. | Subarctic open balsam poplar and spruce forests, taiga, wet meadows, boggy coastal areas, limestone barrens, wet marly soils. |
| Elevation | 0–4500 m. [0–14800 ft.] | 0–1500(–2000) m. [0–4900(–6600) ft.] |
| Distribution |
AK; CA; CO; ID; ME; MT; NH; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; NL; NT; NU; QC; YT; Greenland; Eurasia
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AK; AB; BC; MB; NF; NT; NU; ON; QC; SK; YT; Europe (Russia) |
| Discussion | Epilobium anagallidifolium is widely but sparsely distributed in high montane-alpine and subarctic Eurasia, including Europe, Russia, China, and Japan. Epilobium anagallidifolium usually forms low clumps or mats, with stems nodding in bud and usually subglabrous below the inflorescence. Many collections of E. anagallidifolium from eastern Canada and Greenland tend to be unusually tall (to 25 cm) and robust for the species, with somewhat larger, thicker leaves, and longer pedicels (to 60 mm). Similarly large and robust specimens occur scattered in Yukon and Washington, and may result from occasional hybridization and introgression with sympatric species such as E. hornemannii or E. lactiflorum, which also have the CC chromosomal arrangement. In an analysis of Fennoscandian populations of the Alpinae group, I. Kytövuori (1972) found a similar pattern of mostly smaller, sigmoidal plants of E. anagallidifolium with a small proportion of larger ones, and he also suggested the possibility of hybridization and/or introgression. Plants of Epilobium anagallidifolium, and indeed of the whole Alpinae group, from Haida Gwaii (the Queen Charlotte Islands) of British Columbia (J. A. Calder and R. L. Taylor 1968), are particularly distinctive compared to those on the mainland, and difficult to interpret. The observed differences may be the result of hybridization with other sympatric species or a response to unique ecological conditions on the islands, reinforced by relative isolation from mainland British Columbia. The Linnaean name Epilobium alpinum has long been a source of nomenclatural confusion and instability, since it circumscribed at least four distinct species, especially E. anagallidifolium. A proposal by P. C. Hoch et al. (1995) to permanently reject the name E. alpinum Linnaeus was approved. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Even though Epilobium davuricum has not yet been characterized by chromosome group, its morphology and general distribution suggest that it (plus E. arcticum) is related to E. palustre as a member of the Palustriformes group. It does not have the turion-tipped stolons that characterize E. palustre and relatives but has similarly large seeds with a distinct chalazal collar. Some specimens with aberrant combinations of characters suggest that E. davuricum may hybridize with E. palustre and possibly E. arcticum in areas where their distributions overlap. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
| Parent taxa | ||
| Sibling taxa | ||
| Synonyms | E. alpinum, E. pseudoscaposum | E. palustre var. davuricum |
| Name authority | Lamarck in J. Lamarck et al.: Encycl. 2: 376. (1786) | Fischer ex Sprengel: Novi Provent., 44. (1818) |
| Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
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