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green-fly orchid

big cypress star orchid, pine-cone epidendrum

Habit Plants cespitose, 4.5–38 cm. Plants creeping to pendent, to 30 cm.
Roots

basal, 3–5 mm diam.

basal or from proximal branches, 0.5–1.5 mm.

Stems

unbranched, straight, terete, 2–5 cm.

1, compressed distally, branched, to 23 cm.

Leaves

2–3, near apex of stem;

petiole to 1.5 cm;

blade narrowly elliptic, 1–9.5 × 0.4–1.3 cm, nearly leathery, apex acute.

2–8, near apex of stem;

petiole 6–8 mm;

blade lanceolate-elliptic, 2-lobed, 1–2.8 × 0.3–0.7 cm, leathery.

Inflorescences

erect, racemose, 3–26 cm;

peduncle 2–10 cm;

bracts triangular, to 1/2 length of ovary, 12–18 mm, apex acuminate.

from branches, distichous, imbricate, usually pendent, 10–17 mm;

peduncle greater than 5 mm.

Flowers

6–14, spread along apical 1/2 of inflorescence, resupinate, simultaneous, pale green to bronze-colored;

sepals wide open, narrowly obovate, 5-veined, 6–11 × 2–3 mm, margins revolute, apex obtuse;

petals narrowly oblanceolate, 1-veined, 6–11 × 1–2 mm, apex rounded;

lip base cordate, 3-lobed, middle lobe triangular, apex rounded to slightly notched, 2-callose, with low midrib, 4–6 × 5–7 mm, lateral lobes semiorbiculate;

column 11–12 mm;

clinandrium hood erose, covering anther;

anther ovate, with low keel along front;

ovary 12–18 mm.

1–4, usually 3, with underside of lip always facing rachis, not resupinate, simultaneous, pale yellow, occasionally marked with reddish;

dorsal sepals ovate, apex acute;

lateral sepals obdolabriform, somewhat wider at base, 3–5.4 × 1.2–2.1 mm;

petals linear-elliptic, somewhat falcate, 3–5.2 × 0.5–0.8 mm;

lip triangular-ovate, 3–4 × 2–2.4 mm, base with pair of lamellae, apex acute to acuminate;

column 2 mm, with prominent tooth on each side, 2 smaller ones distally;

anther ovoid, 2-fid;

ovary with small swollen vesicle underneath, behind lateral sepals, 4 mm, covered by conduplicate, subimbricating bracts, 6–7.5 mm.

Capsules

ellipsoid;

pedicel 7–11 mm;

body 14–23;

beak 5 mm.

ovoid-ellipsoid, 9–10 × 5–6 mm;

pedicel and beak absent.

Epidendrum magnoliae

Epidendrum strobiliferum

Phenology Flowering Jun–Jan, sporadically in fall; fruiting Oct–Jan. Flowering Oct–Nov, Mar.
Habitat Evergreen and deciduous woodlands On smooth barked trees in and around cypress swamps and heads
Elevation 0–100 m (0–300 ft) 0–30 m (0–100 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC; Mexico (Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas)
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
FL; Central America; South America
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

The flowers of Epidendrum magnoliae produce a sweet-oily fragrance, especially at night.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Epidendrum strobiliferum grows throughout the Neotropics to Peru and Brazil.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 26, p. 611. FNA vol. 26, p. 612.
Parent taxa Orchidaceae > subfam. Epidendroideae > tribe Epidendreae > subtribe Laeliinae > Epidendrum Orchidaceae > subfam. Epidendroideae > tribe Epidendreae > subtribe Laeliinae > Epidendrum
Sibling taxa
E. acunae, E. amphistomum, E. floridense, E. nocturnum, E. rigidum, E. strobiliferum
E. acunae, E. amphistomum, E. floridense, E. magnoliae, E. nocturnum, E. rigidum
Synonyms Amphiglottis conopsea, E. conopseum, Larnandra conopsea, Larnandra magnoliae Spathiger strobiliferus
Name authority Muhlenberg: Cat. Pl. Amer. Sept., 81. (1813) Reichenbach f.: Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 4: 333. (1859)
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