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green-fly orchid

rigid epidendrum, stiff flower star orchid

Habit Plants cespitose, 4.5–38 cm. Plants creeping, to 40 cm.
Roots

basal, 3–5 mm diam.

from nodes along creeping rhizome, 1–2 mm diam.

Stems

unbranched, straight, terete, 2–5 cm.

2 cm apart, ascending, compressed, to 20 cm.

Leaves

2–3, near apex of stem;

petiole to 1.5 cm;

blade narrowly elliptic, 1–9.5 × 0.4–1.3 cm, nearly leathery, apex acute.

2–7, near apex of stem;

petiole 15–26 mm, compressed;

blade elliptic, 3–8 × 0.8–1.5 cm, leathery, apex obtuse.

Inflorescences

erect, racemose, 3–26 cm;

peduncle 2–10 cm;

bracts triangular, to 1/2 length of ovary, 12–18 mm, apex acuminate.

distichous-elongate, usually erect, rarely arching, sinuous, 5–15 cm;

peduncle 1–3 cm. Flowers 3–10, with underside of lip always facing rachis, not resupinate, somewhat successive, green;

sepals ovate, 5 × 2.5 mm, apex acute to obtuse;

petals linear, 5 × 1 mm;

lip ovate to nearly quadrangular, 3 × 3 mm, apex obtuse to rounded, 2-callose;

column 3 mm;

clinandrium hood denticulate;

anther ovoid, with low keel in front;

ovary 10–11 mm, covered by prominent, conduplicate bracts often somewhat longer than ovary.

Flowers

6–14, spread along apical 1/2 of inflorescence, resupinate, simultaneous, pale green to bronze-colored;

sepals wide open, narrowly obovate, 5-veined, 6–11 × 2–3 mm, margins revolute, apex obtuse;

petals narrowly oblanceolate, 1-veined, 6–11 × 1–2 mm, apex rounded;

lip base cordate, 3-lobed, middle lobe triangular, apex rounded to slightly notched, 2-callose, with low midrib, 4–6 × 5–7 mm, lateral lobes semiorbiculate;

column 11–12 mm;

clinandrium hood erose, covering anther;

anther ovate, with low keel along front;

ovary 12–18 mm.

Capsules

ellipsoid;

pedicel 7–11 mm;

body 14–23;

beak 5 mm.

ovoid;

pedicel 1–2 mm;

body 10–12 × 7–9 mm;

beak 3–4 mm.

Epidendrum magnoliae

Epidendrum rigidum

Phenology Flowering Jun–Jan, sporadically in fall; fruiting Oct–Jan. Flowering Sep–Dec; fruiting spring.
Habitat Evergreen and deciduous woodlands Growing on trees in swamps [common in lowlands]
Elevation 0–100 m (0–300 ft) 0–30 m (0–100 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC; Mexico (Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas)
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
FL; South America; West Indies; Bermuda
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

The flowers of Epidendrum magnoliae produce a sweet-oily fragrance, especially at night.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Epidendrum rigidum is the most widespread and common epidendrum in the tropical regions of the Western Hemisphere. In Mexico and Central America it is replaced by a closely related species, E. cardiophorum Schlechter.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 26, p. 611. FNA vol. 26, p. 612.
Parent taxa Orchidaceae > subfam. Epidendroideae > tribe Epidendreae > subtribe Laeliinae > Epidendrum Orchidaceae > subfam. Epidendroideae > tribe Epidendreae > subtribe Laeliinae > Epidendrum
Sibling taxa
E. acunae, E. amphistomum, E. floridense, E. nocturnum, E. rigidum, E. strobiliferum
E. acunae, E. amphistomum, E. floridense, E. magnoliae, E. nocturnum, E. strobiliferum
Synonyms Amphiglottis conopsea, E. conopseum, Larnandra conopsea, Larnandra magnoliae Spathiger rigidus
Name authority Muhlenberg: Cat. Pl. Amer. Sept., 81. (1813) Jacquin: Enum. Syst. Pl., 29. (1760)
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