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green-fly orchid

night scented orchid, night-smelling epidendrum

Habit Plants cespitose, 4.5–38 cm.
Roots

basal, 3–5 mm diam.

basal, 1–2.5 mm diam.

Stems

unbranched, straight, terete, 2–5 cm.

unbranched, straight, terete proximally, compressed distally, to 90 cm.

Leaves

2–3, near apex of stem;

petiole to 1.5 cm;

blade narrowly elliptic, 1–9.5 × 0.4–1.3 cm, nearly leathery, apex acute.

4–10, evenly distributed on distal 1/2 of stem;

petiole to 46 mm;

blade elliptic, 2-lobed, 6–15 × 0.5–3 cm, leathery.

Inflorescences

erect, racemose, 3–26 cm;

peduncle 2–10 cm;

bracts triangular, to 1/2 length of ovary, 12–18 mm, apex acuminate.

nearly corymbose;

peduncle zigzag, branching with time, greater than 5 mm, producing flowers over several years.

Flowers

6–14, spread along apical 1/2 of inflorescence, resupinate, simultaneous, pale green to bronze-colored;

sepals wide open, narrowly obovate, 5-veined, 6–11 × 2–3 mm, margins revolute, apex obtuse;

petals narrowly oblanceolate, 1-veined, 6–11 × 1–2 mm, apex rounded;

lip base cordate, 3-lobed, middle lobe triangular, apex rounded to slightly notched, 2-callose, with low midrib, 4–6 × 5–7 mm, lateral lobes semiorbiculate;

column 11–12 mm;

clinandrium hood erose, covering anther;

anther ovate, with low keel along front;

ovary 12–18 mm.

resupinate, produced in succession, 1–2 at a time;

sepals yellowish, narrowly linear-lanceolate, to 60 × 6 mm, apex acute;

petals yellowish, narrowly linear-lanceolate, to 58 × 2 mm;

lip white, deeply 3-lobed, middle lobe narrowly linear-acuminate, overall to 24 × 40 mm, lateral lobes obliquely semiovate;

callus yellow;

column 18 mm;

clinandrium hood surpassing anther, erose;

anther ovoid;

ovary 45–50 mm.

Capsules

ellipsoid;

pedicel 7–11 mm;

body 14–23;

beak 5 mm.

ellipsoid;

pedicel 7–14 mm;

body 25–32 × 10–15 mm;

beak 16 mm.

Plant

cespitose, to 100 cm.

Epidendrum magnoliae

Epidendrum nocturnum

Phenology Flowering Jun–Jan, sporadically in fall; fruiting Oct–Jan. Flowering Sep–Mar; fruiting Jan–Apr, sporadically throughout year.
Habitat Evergreen and deciduous woodlands Epiphytic on trees and palms in forests, hammocks, and swamps
Elevation 0–100 m (0–300 ft) 0–30 m (0–100 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC; Mexico (Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas)
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
FL; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

The flowers of Epidendrum magnoliae produce a sweet-oily fragrance, especially at night.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Epidendrum nocturnum is widespread and common throughout the tropical regions of the Western Hemisphere. Outside the flora area, the size of stems, leaves, and flowers is somewhat variable, and plants or whole populations often have cleistogamous flowers. A number of good species occur in the Neotropics. The length of the ovary and the pedicel of the capsule often are good specific characters.

Flowers are very fragrant at night, with an almost pungent scent.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 26, p. 611. FNA vol. 26, p. 612.
Parent taxa Orchidaceae > subfam. Epidendroideae > tribe Epidendreae > subtribe Laeliinae > Epidendrum Orchidaceae > subfam. Epidendroideae > tribe Epidendreae > subtribe Laeliinae > Epidendrum
Sibling taxa
E. acunae, E. amphistomum, E. floridense, E. nocturnum, E. rigidum, E. strobiliferum
E. acunae, E. amphistomum, E. floridense, E. magnoliae, E. rigidum, E. strobiliferum
Synonyms Amphiglottis conopsea, E. conopseum, Larnandra conopsea, Larnandra magnoliae Amphiglottis nocturna, Auliza nocturna, E. carolinianum, Nyctosma nocturna
Name authority Muhlenberg: Cat. Pl. Amer. Sept., 81. (1813) Jacquin: Enum. Syst. Pl., 29. (1760)
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