Epidendrum magnoliae |
Epidendrum nocturnum |
|
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green-fly orchid |
night scented orchid, night-smelling epidendrum |
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Habit | Plants cespitose, 4.5–38 cm. | |
Roots | basal, 3–5 mm diam. |
basal, 1–2.5 mm diam. |
Stems | unbranched, straight, terete, 2–5 cm. |
unbranched, straight, terete proximally, compressed distally, to 90 cm. |
Leaves | 2–3, near apex of stem; petiole to 1.5 cm; blade narrowly elliptic, 1–9.5 × 0.4–1.3 cm, nearly leathery, apex acute. |
4–10, evenly distributed on distal 1/2 of stem; petiole to 46 mm; blade elliptic, 2-lobed, 6–15 × 0.5–3 cm, leathery. |
Inflorescences | erect, racemose, 3–26 cm; peduncle 2–10 cm; bracts triangular, to 1/2 length of ovary, 12–18 mm, apex acuminate. |
nearly corymbose; peduncle zigzag, branching with time, greater than 5 mm, producing flowers over several years. |
Flowers | 6–14, spread along apical 1/2 of inflorescence, resupinate, simultaneous, pale green to bronze-colored; sepals wide open, narrowly obovate, 5-veined, 6–11 × 2–3 mm, margins revolute, apex obtuse; petals narrowly oblanceolate, 1-veined, 6–11 × 1–2 mm, apex rounded; lip base cordate, 3-lobed, middle lobe triangular, apex rounded to slightly notched, 2-callose, with low midrib, 4–6 × 5–7 mm, lateral lobes semiorbiculate; column 11–12 mm; clinandrium hood erose, covering anther; anther ovate, with low keel along front; ovary 12–18 mm. |
resupinate, produced in succession, 1–2 at a time; sepals yellowish, narrowly linear-lanceolate, to 60 × 6 mm, apex acute; petals yellowish, narrowly linear-lanceolate, to 58 × 2 mm; lip white, deeply 3-lobed, middle lobe narrowly linear-acuminate, overall to 24 × 40 mm, lateral lobes obliquely semiovate; callus yellow; column 18 mm; clinandrium hood surpassing anther, erose; anther ovoid; ovary 45–50 mm. |
Capsules | ellipsoid; pedicel 7–11 mm; body 14–23; beak 5 mm. |
ellipsoid; pedicel 7–14 mm; body 25–32 × 10–15 mm; beak 16 mm. |
Plant | cespitose, to 100 cm. |
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Epidendrum magnoliae |
Epidendrum nocturnum |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Jan, sporadically in fall; fruiting Oct–Jan. | Flowering Sep–Mar; fruiting Jan–Apr, sporadically throughout year. |
Habitat | Evergreen and deciduous woodlands | Epiphytic on trees and palms in forests, hammocks, and swamps |
Elevation | 0–100 m (0–300 ft) | 0–30 m (0–100 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC; Mexico (Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas)
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FL; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies |
Discussion | The flowers of Epidendrum magnoliae produce a sweet-oily fragrance, especially at night. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Epidendrum nocturnum is widespread and common throughout the tropical regions of the Western Hemisphere. Outside the flora area, the size of stems, leaves, and flowers is somewhat variable, and plants or whole populations often have cleistogamous flowers. A number of good species occur in the Neotropics. The length of the ovary and the pedicel of the capsule often are good specific characters. Flowers are very fragrant at night, with an almost pungent scent. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 611. | FNA vol. 26, p. 612. |
Parent taxa | Orchidaceae > subfam. Epidendroideae > tribe Epidendreae > subtribe Laeliinae > Epidendrum | Orchidaceae > subfam. Epidendroideae > tribe Epidendreae > subtribe Laeliinae > Epidendrum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Amphiglottis conopsea, E. conopseum, Larnandra conopsea, Larnandra magnoliae | Amphiglottis nocturna, Auliza nocturna, E. carolinianum, Nyctosma nocturna |
Name authority | Muhlenberg: Cat. Pl. Amer. Sept., 81. (1813) | Jacquin: Enum. Syst. Pl., 29. (1760) |
Web links |