Epidendrum magnoliae |
Epidendrum floridense |
|
---|---|---|
green-fly orchid |
Florida star orchid |
|
Habit | Plants cespitose, 4.5–38 cm. | Plants cespitose, 6–26 cm. |
Roots | basal, 3–5 mm diam. |
basal, 1–2 mm diam. |
Stems | unbranched, straight, terete, 2–5 cm. |
unbranched, sinuous, terete, 5–23 cm. |
Leaves | 2–3, near apex of stem; petiole to 1.5 cm; blade narrowly elliptic, 1–9.5 × 0.4–1.3 cm, nearly leathery, apex acute. |
throughout length of stem; petiole to 25 mm; blade narrowly elliptic, 2-lobed, 2–6.7 × 0.7–2.3 cm, leathery-succulent. |
Inflorescences | erect, racemose, 3–26 cm; peduncle 2–10 cm; bracts triangular, to 1/2 length of ovary, 12–18 mm, apex acuminate. |
nearly corymbose; peduncle less than 1 cm; floral bracts triangular-ovate, to 12 mm. |
Flowers | 6–14, spread along apical 1/2 of inflorescence, resupinate, simultaneous, pale green to bronze-colored; sepals wide open, narrowly obovate, 5-veined, 6–11 × 2–3 mm, margins revolute, apex obtuse; petals narrowly oblanceolate, 1-veined, 6–11 × 1–2 mm, apex rounded; lip base cordate, 3-lobed, middle lobe triangular, apex rounded to slightly notched, 2-callose, with low midrib, 4–6 × 5–7 mm, lateral lobes semiorbiculate; column 11–12 mm; clinandrium hood erose, covering anther; anther ovate, with low keel along front; ovary 12–18 mm. |
4–14, resupinate, simultaneous, green; sepals wide open, narrowly obovate-elliptic, 5-veined, 12–15 × 3–5 mm, nearly leathery, apex acute to rounded; petals linear-oblanceolate, 3-veined, 11–12 × 2–2.5 mm, membranaceous, apex acute; lip widely cordate, 5–9 × 9–18.5 mm, usually with pair of shallow sinuses in front, fleshy-thickened toward center, apex somewhat notched, 2-callose; column 7–8.5 mm; clinandrium entire, erose, covering anther; anther transversely reniform, with prominent beak in front; ovary 22–28 mm. |
Capsules | ellipsoid; pedicel 7–11 mm; body 14–23; beak 5 mm. |
nearly globose; pedicel 20 mm; body 16–20 × 10–13 mm. |
Epidendrum magnoliae |
Epidendrum floridense |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Jan, sporadically in fall; fruiting Oct–Jan. | Flowering Aug–Oct; fruiting Dec–Apr. |
Habitat | Evergreen and deciduous woodlands | On trees in forests and swamps in and around Everglades and Lake Okeechobee |
Elevation | 0–100 m (0–300 ft) | 0–30 m (0–100 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC; Mexico (Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas)
|
FL |
Discussion | The flowers of Epidendrum magnoliae produce a sweet-oily fragrance, especially at night. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Epidendrum floridense is pollinated by male night moths: Anticarsia gemmatilis, Phyprosopus callitrichoides, and Lymire edwardsii (G. J. Goss 1977). The flowers produce copious nectar within the nectar tube; in some cases nectar overflows, and a drop is found in front of the callus. The species is threatened because of increasing intensities of winter freezes. Previous authors have cited this species as Epidendrum difforme Jacquin and considered it to be highly variable and widespread throughout the Neotropics. Field and herbarium studies have shown that it is not a single highly variable species but rather a complex of about 50 species (L. M. Sánchez and E. Hágsater 1997). Most of these can be easily recognized by a series of characters including: terete or compressed stems, simultaneous or successive flowering, few or many flowers, shape of the lip and petals, veining, fimbriation of the clinandrium, shape of the nectarium, presence or absence of nectar, distribution, and ecological and elevational preferences. Thus many names previously relegated to synonymy are being recognized, and many new species described. The Florida plants are clearly distinct from the true Epidendrum difforme, which, among other characteristics, has stems that are strongly compressed laterally and is endemic to the Windward Antilles. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 611. | FNA vol. 26, p. 611. |
Parent taxa | Orchidaceae > subfam. Epidendroideae > tribe Epidendreae > subtribe Laeliinae > Epidendrum | Orchidaceae > subfam. Epidendroideae > tribe Epidendreae > subtribe Laeliinae > Epidendrum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Amphiglottis conopsea, E. conopseum, Larnandra conopsea, Larnandra magnoliae | Amphiglottis difformis |
Name authority | Muhlenberg: Cat. Pl. Amer. Sept., 81. (1813) | Hágsater: Icon. Orchid. 2(1): plate 133. (1993) |
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