Ephedra trifurca |
Ephedra antisyphilitica |
|
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long leafed Ephedra, longleaf Ephedra, longleaf jointfir, Mexican-tea |
clap-weed, erect Ephedra, popote, tepopote, vine Ephedra |
|
Habit | Shrubs erect, 0.5–5 m. Bark gray, cracked and irregularly fissured. | Shrubs erect or spreading, 0.25–1 m. Bark gray, slightly cracked and irregularly fissured. |
Branches | alternate or whorled, rigid, angle of divergence about 30°. |
alternate or whorled, rigid, angle of divergence about 45°. |
Twigs | pale green, becoming yellow, then gray with age, glaucous, with numerous very fine longitudinal grooves; internodes 3–10 cm. |
green, becoming yellow-green with age, glaucous, not viscid, with numerous longitudinal grooves; internodes 2–5 cm. |
Leaves | in whorls of 3, 5–15 mm, connate to 1/2–3/4 their length; bases becoming gray and shredded with age; apex spinose. |
opposite, 1–3 mm, connate to 2/3–7/8 their length; bases thickened, brown, completely deciduous; apex obtuse. |
Pollen cones | 1–several at node, obovoid, 6–10 mm, on short, scaly peduncles; bracts in 8–12 whorls of 3, reddish brown, obovate, slightly clawed, 3–4 × 2–3 mm, membranous; bracteoles nearly equaling bracts; sporangiophores 4–5 mm, exserted to 1/4 their length, with 4–5 short-stalked microsporangia. |
1–2 at node, lance-ellipsoid, 5–8 mm, sessile to nearly sessile; bracts opposite, 5–8 pairs, pale green to red, obovate, 2–4 × 2–3 mm, membranous, connate at base; bracteoles slightly exceeding bracts; sporangiophores 4–5 mm, 1/2 exserted, with 4–6 sessile to very short-stalked (less than 1 mm) microsporangia. |
Seed(s) | cones 1–several at node, obovoid, 10–15 mm, on short, scaly peduncles (rarely sessile); bracts in 6–9 whorls of 3, circular, 8–12 × 8–12 mm, papery, translucent with reddish brown center and base, base clawed, margins entire. |
cones 1–2 at node, ellipsoid, 6–12 mm, sessile to nearly sessile; bracts opposite, 4–6 pairs, ovate, 5–7 × 5–10 mm, connate to 1/8–7/8 their length, inner pairs becoming fleshy and red. |
Terminal | buds spinelike, to 10 mm. |
buds conic, 1–3 mm, apex obtuse. |
Ephedra trifurca |
Ephedra antisyphilitica |
|
Phenology | Coning late winter–early spring. | Coning March–April. |
Habitat | Dry rocky slopes to flat sandy areas | Arid soils and rocky slopes |
Elevation | 500–2000 m (1600–6600 ft) | 100–1200 m (300–3900 ft) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; NM; TX; Mexico in Baja California; Chihuahua; Coahuila; Sonora
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OK; TX; Mexico in Nuevo León and San Luis Potosí
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Discussion | The hybrid Ephedra × intermixta is discussed under E. torreyana. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Mexican populations of Ephedra antisyphilitica are disjunct from those in Texas. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 2. | FNA vol. 2. |
Parent taxa | Ephedraceae > Ephedra | Ephedraceae > Ephedra |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | E. antisyphilitica var. brachycarpa, E. occidentalis, E. texana | |
Name authority | Torrey ex S. Watson: Botany (Fortieth Parallel): 329. (1871) | Berlandier ex C. A. Meyer |
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