Encalypta ciliata |
Encalypta flowersiana |
|
---|---|---|
fringe candle snuffer moss, fringe extinguisher-moss |
flowers' candle snuffer moss |
|
Stems | to 20 mm, central strand absent. |
6–11 mm, central strand small, cells very thin-walled. |
Leaves | oblong to elliptic, 4–6 mm, apices broadly acute to rounded, mucronate to cuspidate, margins recurved below mid-leaf; costa excurrent or subpercurrent, narrow; laminal cells 10–20 µm,; basal cells rectangular, 50–120 µm, smooth; basal marginal cells weakly differentiated below, in 4–8 rows, elongate, smooth. |
broadly oblong to lingulate, 1.5–3 mm; apex muticous, obtuse to rounded; margins plane; costa ending below apex; laminal cells 10–16 µm; basal cells 30–50 µm, smooth; basal marginal cells differentiated proximally, in 3–5 rows, longer than laminal cells. |
Seta | 4–14 mm, yellow to yellowish brown. |
3–5 mm, reddish brown. |
Capsule | cylindric, 2–3 mm, smooth, constricted below mouth, yellowish brown, exothecial cells rectangular, 50–120 µm; peristome single, yellowish red to hyaline, 16 teeth, lanceolate, to 0.3 mm high, papillose, erect; operculum 1–1.5 mm. |
short-cylindric, 1.5–3 mm, striate to weakly ribbed, yellowish brown; exothecial cells long-rectangular to linear; peristome absent; operculum 0.5–0.7 mm long. |
Calyptra | 3–7 mm, fringed at base, smooth or rarely papillose at apex. |
2.5–4 mm, lacerate at base, papillose on rostrum. |
Spores | 30–40 µm, plicae and pitted, brownish yellow. |
35–40 µm, with vermiculate ridges, brown. |
Specialized | asexual reproduction absent. |
asexual reproduction absent. |
Encalypta ciliata |
Encalypta flowersiana |
|
Habitat | Crevices of acid or neutral rock or soils in sheltered or exposed situations | Calcareous soil over rock, deciduous woodlands |
Distribution |
AK; AZ; CA; CO; IL; ME; MI; MN; MT; ND; NE; NH; NM; NY; OR; PA; SD; UT; VT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; LB; NB; NS; ON; QC; YT; Mexico; South America; Asia; Greenland; Europe; West Indies; Africa
|
TX; West Indies (Haiti); Central America (Guatemala) |
Discussion | Encalypta ciliata is among the most variable species of the genus in leaf shape, apex development, and costae length. A combination of excurrent costa, smooth capsule wall, and single peristome will serve to identify it. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Encalypta flowersiana is recognized by its small size, narrow leaves, subpercurrent costa, and distinctly ridged spores. The species is similar to E. mutica and E. texana in the absence of a peristome and leaf awn. The most useful difference is spore ornamentation (see the discussions with those species). Currently, E. flowersiana is known in the flora area only from the Chisos Mountains of western Texas, but its small size and the rugged terrain of its habitat may mask a broader distribution in the mountains of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 27, p. 175. | FNA vol. 27, p. 175. |
Parent taxa | Encalyptaceae > Encalypta | Encalyptaceae > Encalypta |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | E. ciliata var. microstoma | |
Name authority | Hedwig: Sp. Musc. Frond., 61. (1801) | D. G. Horton: Bryologist 82: 374. (1979) |
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