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devil's-thorn, little Jack, spiny emex, spiny threecorner-Jack

Habit Plants 3–6(–8) dm.
Stems

ascending to erect, base often reddish, branched proximally.

Leaves

ocrea loose, glabrous;

petiole 2–29 cm, glabrous;

blade ovate to ovate-oblong or triangular, 3–13 × 1.1–12 cm, base mostly truncate to subcordate, apex obtuse to acute.

Staminate flowers

1–8 per ocreate fascicle;

tepals narrowly oblong to oblanceolate, 1.5–2 mm.

Pistillate flowers

2–7 per ocreate fascicle;

outer tepals ovate to oblong, 4–6 mm in fruit, inner tepals linear-lanceolate, 5–6 mm in fruit, apex acute.

Achenes

4–5 × 2–3 mm, shiny.

Fruiting

perianths 5–6 × 5–6 mm, spines spreading to reflexed, 2–4 mm, base broad.

2n

= 20.

Emex spinosa

Phenology Flowering year-round.
Habitat Sandy shores, disturbed ground
Elevation 0-500 m (0-1600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; FL; MA; NJ; TX; South America (Argentina, Ecuador, Peru); Eurasia (Mediterranean region); n Africa (Mediterranean region) [Introduced in North America; introduced in Eurasia (Cyprus, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Pakistan, Syria, Turkey), Africa (Algeria, Kenya, Kuwait, Mauritius, Morocco), Atlantic Islands (Canary Islands), Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Source FNA vol. 5, p. 488.
Parent taxa Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Emex
Sibling taxa
E. australis
Synonyms Rumex spinosus
Name authority (Linnaeus) Campderá: Monogr. Rumex, 58. (1819)
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