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northern riverbank wildrye, Wiegand's wild-rye, élyme de Wiegand

Arizona ryegrass, Arizona wheatgrass, Arizona wildrye

Habit Plants cespitose, not rhizomatous, somewhat glaucous. Plants cespitose, not rhizomatous.
Culms

100-180(220) cm, erect;

nodes 9-16, mostly concealed by the leaf sheaths, glabrous.

45-100 cm, erect or decumbent at the base;

nodes glabrous or almost so.

Leaves

evenly distributed;

sheaths usually glabrous, occasionally villous, often reddish brown;

auricles 1-3 mm, brown;

ligules to 1 mm;

blades (8)10-20(24) mm wide, flat, lax, dark green, adaxial surfaces usually thinly pilose, with weakly spreading hairs on the veins at least near the margins, sometimes villous or glabrous.

evenly distributed over the lower 1/2 of the culms;

sheaths glabrous;

auricles usually present, to 1 mm;

ligules to 1 mm on the basal leaves, 1-3 mm on the flag leaves;

blades 2.5-6 mm wide, lax, abaxial surfaces smooth and glabrous, adaxial surfaces scabrous, with scattered 0.5-1 mm hairs, veins close together.

Spikes

10-30 cm long, 3-5 cm wide, pendent, the bases often barely exserted, with 2 spikelets per node;

internodes 5-8(12) mm long, 0.2-0.3 mm thick at the thinnest sections, usually pubescent beneath the spikelets.

12-25 cm long, 2.5-6 cm wide including the awns, 10-15 mm wide excluding the awns, flexuous, usually nodding or pendent at maturity, with 1 spikelet per node;

internodes 11-17 mm long, 0.4-1 mm wide, glabrous, mostly smooth, scabrous on the edges.

Spikelets

12-20 mm, divergent, with (3)4-6(7) florets, lowest florets functional;

disarticulation above the glumes and beneath each floret.

14-26 mm long, 6-8 mm wide, appressed to divergent, 1.5-2 times as long as the internodes, with 4-6 florets;

rachillas glabrous;

disarticulation above the glumes and beneath each floret.

Glumes

equal or subequal, 12-30 mm including the often undifferentiated awns, the basal 0.5-1 mm subterete and slightly indurate, glume bodies 7-12 mm long, (0.2)0.4-0.9(1.1) mm wide, linear-setiform, entire, widening or parallel-sided above the base, 1-3(5)-veined, glabrous, hispidulous or villous, especially near the margins, margins firm, awns (5)8-15(18) mm, straight or flexuous;

lemmas 10-15 mm, usually uniformly appressed-villous, rarely scabrous-hirtellous or glabrous, awns 15-25(30) mm, moderately to strongly outcurving;

paleas 9-14 mm, narrowly truncate, minutely bidentate;

anthers 2-3.5 mm.

narrowly lanceolate, margins about 0.2 mm wide, 3(5)-veined, the bases flat, evidently veined, margins hyaline, widest at about midlength, acute or acuminate, unawned or awned, awns to 4 mm, straight;

lower glumes 5-9 mm;

upper glumes 8-10 mm;

lemmas 8-15 mm, scabrous, rounded on the back, awns 10-25 mm, arcuately diverging;

paleas as long as or longer than the lemmas, tapering, apices truncate, about 0.3 mm wide;

anthers 3-5 mm.

Anthesis

from mid-July to early August.

2n

= 28.

= 28.

Elymus wiegandii

Elymus arizonicus

Distribution
from FNA
CT; IA; KY; MA; ME; MI; MN; ND; NH; NJ; NY; PA; SD; VT; WI; WY; NB; ON; QC; SK
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CA; NM; TX
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Elymus wiegandii grows in moist or damp, rich, alluvial soil, especially on sandy river terraces and in woods and thickets, primarily from Saskatchewan through much of the Great Lakes region to Nova Scotia and Connecticut. It has abnormal neocentric chromosomes with meiotic irregularities that appear to limit the fertility of its hybrids, and even some crosses within the species (Vilkomerson 1950). It may be derived from hybrids between E. canadensis (p. 303) and perhaps E. riparius (p. 302). The latter species is similar to E. wiegandii and overlaps with it in range and habitat within the Great Lakes region, where there are a few plants that appear to be hybrids between the two. Plants with scabrous-hirtellous or glabrous lemmas (E. wiegandii f. calvescens Fernald) are known from Maine and New Hampshire.

Elymus wiegandii is often confused with sympatric E. canadensis and E. diversiglumis (p. 316), but it has a distinctive robust, broad-leaved habit. It is intermediate between the two in spike density and glume development. Occasional plants with glabrous leaves and less pendent spikes suggest introgression from E. canadensis, but artificial crosses produced no fertile Fj plants (Church 1958).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Elymus arizonicus grows in moist, rocky soil in mountain canyons of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. When mature, the drooping spike and solitary spikelets make E. arizonicus easy to identify. Immature specimens, or those mounted so that the spike appears erect, are easily mistaken for Pseudoroegneria spicata (p. 281), but they have thicker culms and longer ligules, more basal leaves, and wider leaf blades.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 24, p. 305. FNA vol. 24, p. 329.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Triticeae > Elymus Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Triticeae > Elymus
Sibling taxa
E. alaskanus, E. albicans, E. arizonicus, E. bakeri, E. canadensis, E. caninus, E. churchii, E. ciliaris, E. curvatus, E. dahuricus, E. diversiglumis, E. elymoides, E. glabriflorus, E. glaucus, E. hirsutus, E. hoffmannii, E. hystrix, E. interruptus, E. lanceolatus, E. macgregorii, E. macrourus, E. multisetus, E. pringlei, E. repens, E. riparius, E. scribneri, E. semicostatus, E. sibiricus, E. sierrae, E. stebbinsii, E. svensonii, E. texensis, E. trachycaulus, E. tsukushiensis, E. villosus, E. violaceus, E. virginicus, E. wawawaiensis, E. ×cayouetteorum, E. ×ebingeri, E. ×hansenii, E. ×palmerensis, E. ×pinalenoensis, E. ×pseudorepens, E. ×saundersii, E. ×yukonensis
E. alaskanus, E. albicans, E. bakeri, E. canadensis, E. caninus, E. churchii, E. ciliaris, E. curvatus, E. dahuricus, E. diversiglumis, E. elymoides, E. glabriflorus, E. glaucus, E. hirsutus, E. hoffmannii, E. hystrix, E. interruptus, E. lanceolatus, E. macgregorii, E. macrourus, E. multisetus, E. pringlei, E. repens, E. riparius, E. scribneri, E. semicostatus, E. sibiricus, E. sierrae, E. stebbinsii, E. svensonii, E. texensis, E. trachycaulus, E. tsukushiensis, E. villosus, E. violaceus, E. virginicus, E. wawawaiensis, E. wiegandii, E. ×cayouetteorum, E. ×ebingeri, E. ×hansenii, E. ×palmerensis, E. ×pinalenoensis, E. ×pseudorepens, E. ×saundersii, E. ×yukonensis
Synonyms E. canadensis var. wiegandii Pseudoroegneria arizonica, Agropyron arizonicum
Name authority Fernald (Scribn. & J.G. Sm.) Gould
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