Elymus virginicus |
Elymus interruptus |
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common eastern wild-rye, Virginia wild rye, élyme de virginie |
Southwestern wildrye |
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Habit | Plants cespitose, not rhizomatous, sometimes glaucous, especially in the spikes. | Plants cespitose, not rhizomatous, usually glaucous. | ||||||||||||
Culms | 30-130 cm, erect to slightly decumbent; nodes 4-9, concealed or exposed, usually glabrous, rarely pubescent. |
usually (40)60-100(120) cm, erect or the bases somewhat decumbent; nodes 4-8, usually exposed, glabrous. |
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Leaves | evenly distributed; sheaths usually glabrous, rarely hirsute, occasionally reddish or purplish; auricles absent or to 1.8 mm, pale brown; ligules shorter than 1 mm; blades 2-14(18) mm wide, usually spreading or lax, sometimes becoming involute, basal blades similar to the upper blades, adaxial surfaces usually smooth, sometimes scabridulous, usually glabrous, occasionally pubescent. |
evenly distributed; sheaths usually glabrous, occasionally hirsute; auricles 0-2 mm, pale or reddish brown; ligules to 1 mm; blades 3-9 mm wide, lax, pale green, adaxial surfaces densely short-pilose, hispidulous, or scabridulous, especially on the veins. |
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Spikes | (3)4-16(22) cm long, 1-2.2(2.5) cm wide, erect, the bases often sheathed, with 2 spikelets per node, rarely with 3 at some nodes; internodes 3-5 mm long, 0.25-0.5 thick at the thinnest sections, smooth and glabrous, or scabrous, or with hairs beneath the spikelets. |
5-20 cm long, 2-5 cm wide, erect to slightly nodding, with 2 spikelets per node; internodes (5)8-14 mm long, 0.2-0.3 mm thick at the thinnest sections, without pronounced dorsal angles, often with green lateral bands, glabrous beneath the spikelets. |
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Spikelets | 10-15 mm, appressed to slightly divergent, with (2)3-4(6) florets, lowest florets functional; disarticulation below the glumes and each floret, or the lowest floret falling with the glumes. |
(6)9-15(22) mm, somewhat to strongly divergent, with 2-5 florets, lowest florets functional; disarticulation above the glumes and beneath each floret. |
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Glumes | subequal or equal, the basal 1-4 mm terete, indurate, without evident venation, bowed out, yellowish, glume bodies 7-15 mm long, (0.5)0.7-2.3 mm wide, linear-lanceolate, widening above the base, 3-5(8)-veined, usually smooth or scabridulous, margins firm, awns 3-10(15) mm, straight; lemmas 6-10 mm, scabridulous, glabrous or villous-hirsute, awns (5)8-20(25) mm, straight; paleas 5-9 mm, obtuse; anthers 2-3.5(4) mm. |
subequal, 15-30 mm including the weakly differentiated awns, the basal 0-1 mm subterete and indurate, glume bodies, when distinguishable, about 6-10 mm long, (0.2)0.3-0.5(0.7) mm wide, linear-setiform to setaceous, entire, widening or parallel-sided above the base, 1-3-veined, glabrous or scabridulous, margins firm, awns straight or flexuous; lemmas 7-10 mm, smooth or scabridulous, occasionally hirtellous especially near the margins, awns 15-22 mm, straight to moderately outcurving; paleas 6-9 mm, obtuse or narrowly truncate, sometimes emarginate; anthers 2-4.5 mm. |
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Anthesis | usually mid-June to late July (mid-August). |
May to July. |
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2n | = 28. |
= 28. |
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Elymus virginicus |
Elymus interruptus |
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Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; LB; MB; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK
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AZ; CA; NM; TX |
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Discussion | Elymus virginicus is widespread in temperate North America, growing as far west as British Columbia and Arizona. It is infrequent to rare in the Rocky Mountains, western Great Plains, and southeastern coastal plain. It is a complex species, divided here into four intergrading varieties. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Elymus interruptus grows in dry to moist, rocky soil, often in canyons, open woods, and thickets, in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Apparent intermediates between E. interruptus and E. canadensis (p. 303) have been collected north of the documented range of typical E. interruptus in Arizona, New Mexico, and Iowa. Plants in the Ozark and Ouachita mountains, especially in Arkansas, that were previously referred to E. interruptus are now included in E. churchii (p. 314). Elymus interruptus is a poorly understood southern species that, at one extreme, used to be included in E. canadensis or, at the other extreme, used to include E. churchii, E. svensonii (p. 314), and E. diversiglumis (p. 316), three species that seem more closely allied to E. hystrix (p. 316). Campbell (2002) suggested E. interruptus may have arisen from the introgression of E. hystrix or a related species into E. canadensis var. brachystachys. Artificial crosses between E. hystrix and E. canadensis were generally unsuccessful, but yielded some plants resembling E. interruptus (Church 1954). Elymus interruptus has been crossed with E. canadensis, E. hystrix, E. svensonii, E. virginicus (p. 298), E. glabriflorus (p. 296) and E. diversiglumis; only the hybrids with E. diversiglumis were completely sterile (Church 1954, 1967a; Brown and Pratt 1960). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 24, p. 298. | FNA vol. 24, p. 306. | ||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Triticeae > Elymus | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Triticeae > Elymus | ||||||||||||
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Synonyms | E. canadensis var. interruptus | |||||||||||||
Name authority | L. | Buckley | ||||||||||||
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