Elymus multisetus |
Elymus violaceus |
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big squirreltail, big squirreltail grass |
Alaska wildrye, arctic wheatgrass, arctic wildrye, bearded wheatgrass, high wheatgrass, élyme latiglume |
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Habit | Plants cespitose, not rhizomatous. | Plants cespitose, not rhizomatous. |
Culms | 15-65 cm, erect to ascending, usually puberulent; nodes 4-6, mostly concealed, glabrous. |
18-75 cm, often decumbent or geniculate; nodes usually glabrous. |
Sheaths | glabrous; auricles about 0.5 mm; ligules 0.5-1 mm, truncate; blades 3-4 mm wide, flat, glabrous or hairy, abaxial surfaces less densely hairy and with shorter hairs than the adaxial surfaces, apices acute. |
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Leaves | evenly distributed; sheaths glabrous or white-villous; auricles usually present, 0.5-1.5 mm; ligules to 1 mm, truncate, entire or lacerate; blades 1.5-4(5) mm wide, often ascending and involute, adaxial surfaces scabrous, pilose, or villous. |
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Spikes | 5-20 cm long, 5-15 cm wide, erect, sometimes partially enclosed at the base, with 2 spikelets per node, rarely with 3-4 at some nodes; internodes 3-5(8) mm long, 0.1-0.3 mm thick at the thinnest sections, glabrous beneath the spikelets. |
5-12 cm long, 0.4-0.7 cm wide excluding the awns, erect, with 1 spikelet per node; internodes 4-5.5 mm, edges ciliate. |
Spikelets | 10-15 mm, divergent, with 2-4 florets, lowest florets sterile and glumelike in 1 or both spikelets at each node; disarticulation initially at the rachis nodes, subsequently beneath each floret. |
11-19 mm, appressed, with (3)4-5 florets; rachillas hairy, hairs about 0.4 mm; disarticulation above the glumes, beneath each floret. |
Glumes | subequal, (10)30-100 mm including the awns, the bases indurate and glabrous, glume bodies (2)5-10 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, setaceous, 2-3-veined, margins firm, awns (8)25-90 mm, each split into 3-9 unequal divisions, scabrous, flexuous to outcurving from near the glume bases at maturity; fertile lemmas 8-10 mm, smooth or scabrous near the apices, 2 lateral veins extending into bristles to 10 mm, awns (10)20-110 mm long, about 0.2 mm wide at the base, divergent to arcuate; paleas 7-9 mm, veins usually extending into about 1 mm bristles, apices acute to truncate; anthers 1-2 mm. |
8-12 mm long, 1.2-2 mm wide, about 3/4 as long as to equaling the adjacent lemmas, narrowly ovate to obovate, often purplish, glabrous, sometimes scabrous, flat or equally keeled the full length, keels and other veins usually smooth, sometimes scabrous, 3(5)-veined, adaxial surfaces glabrous, margins usually unequal, the wider margin 0.3-1 mm wide, usually widest in the distal 1/3, apices acute to rounded, often awned, awns to 2 mm; lemmas glabrous or pubescent, hairs flexible, all similar, apices usually awned, awns 0.5-3 mm, straight; paleas subequal to the lemmas, tapering to the apices, apices about 0.4 mm wide; anthers 0.7-1.3 mm. |
Anthesis | from late May to June. |
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Haplomes | StH. |
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2n | = 28. |
= 28. |
Elymus multisetus |
Elymus violaceus |
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Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; ID; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY
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Discussion | Elymus multisetus grows in dry, often rocky, open woods and thickets on slopes and plains, from central Washington and Idaho to southern California, Colorado, and northwestern Arizona, and from sea level to 2000 m. It has also been reported from Baja California, Mexico. It usually grows in less arid habitats than E. elymoides subsp. elymoides (p. 319), but the two taxa are sometimes sympatric. Wilson (1963) reported a wide belt of introgression between Elymus multisetus and E. elymoides subsp. elymoides from southeastern California to southern Nevada, but not in other areas where they are sympatric. There are also probable hybrids with E. glaucus (p. 306) and Pseudoroegneria spicata (p. 281). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Elymus violaceus grows in arctic, subalpine, and alpine habitats, on calcareous or dolomitic rocks, from Alaska through arctic Canada to Greenland, and south in the Rocky Mountains to southern New Mexico. In western North America, it forms intermediates with E. scribneri (p. 330), E. trachycaulus (p. 321), and E. alaskanus (p. 326). It is treated here as including E. alaskanus subsp. latiglumis [= Agropyron latiglume], E. alaskanus being restricted to plants with relatively short glumes that are often found in valleys and at lower elevations than E. violaceus. Western plants of E. violaceous tend to be more glaucous, have shorter spikes and spikelets, and more obovate glumes than plants from Greenland but, until more is known about the extent and genetic basis of the variation in and among E. violaceus, E. alaskanus, and E. trachycaulus, formal taxonomic recognition seems inappropriate. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 24, p. 318. | FNA vol. 24, p. 324. |
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Triticeae > Elymus | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Triticeae > Elymus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | E. trachycaulus subsp. violaceus, E. trachycaulus var. latiglume, E. alaskanus subsp. latiglumis, Agropyron violaceum var. latiglume, Agropyron violaceum, Agropyron latiglume, Agropyron caninum var. latiglume | |
Name authority | (J.G. Sm.) Burtt Davy | (Hornem.) Feilberg |
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