Elymus macgregorii
Elymus hirsutus
early wild-rye
boreal wild rye, hairy wildrye, northern ryegrass, northwestern wildrye
40-120 cm, erect or slightly decumbent;
nodes 4-8, mostly exposed, glabrous.
40-140 cm, usually somewhat decumbent;
nodes 4-7, mostly exposed, usually glabrous, occasionally puberulent.
evenly distributed;
sheaths usually glabrous, rarely villous;
auricles 2-3 mm, usually purplish black when fresh, sometimes light brown;
ligules shorter than 1 mm;
blades 7-15 mm wide, lax, dark glossy green under the glaucous bloom, adaxial surfaces usually glabrous, occasionally villous.
evenly distributed;
sheaths usually glabrous and smooth, occasionally scabridulous or retrorsely hairy, sometimes purplish;
auricles to 1.5 mm, often absent;
ligules to 1 mm;
blades 4-12 mm wide, lax, usually deep green, adaxial surfaces usually pilose or villous, occasionally puberulent or scabridulous.
4-12 cm long, (1.7)2.2-3(4)4 cm wide, erect, exserted, with (6)9-16(20) nodes and 2 spikelets at all or most nodes, sometimes with 3 at some nodes;
internodes 4-7 mm long, about 0.3 mm thick and 2-angled at the thinnest sections, usually glabrous or scabridulous beneath the spikelets.
6-20 cm long, 0.5-2 cm wide, nodding to pendent, with 2 spikelets per node, rarely with 3 at some nodes;
internodes 3-10(12) mm long, 0.2-0.7 mm thick at the thinnest sections, usually glabrous, sometimes sparsely hairy.
10-15 mm, strongly divergent, glaucous, maturing to pale yellowish brown, with (2)3-4 florets, lowest florets functional;
disarticulation below the glumes and each floret, the lowest floret often falling with the glumes.
12-20 mm, appressed to divergent, sometimes purplish at higher latitudes, with 2-4(7) florets, lowest florets functional;
disarticulation above the glumes and beneath each floret.
subequal, entire, the basal 1-3 mm terete or subterete, indurate, without evident venation, moderately bowed out, glume bodies 8-16 mm long, 1-1.8 mm wide, linear-lanceolate, widening or parallel-sided above the base, (2)4-5(8)-veined, usually glabrous, occasionally hirsute, sometimes scabrous, margins firm, awns (10)15-20(25) mm, straight except the awns of the lowest spikelets occasionally contorted;
lemmas 6-12 mm, usually glabrous, sometimes scabrous, occasionally villous, awns (15)20-30 mm, straight;
paleas 6-10 mm, apices obtuse;
anthers 2-4 mm.
equal or subequal, the bases flat, occasionally indurate for 0.5 mm, veins usually evident, glume bodies (4.5)7-10(11) mm long, 0.7-1.5 mm wide, linear-lanceolate, entire, widening or parallel-sided above the base, 3-5-veined, usually scabridulous to scabrous, veins occasionally hirsute beyond midlength, margins hyaline or scarious, awns 1-10 mm, straight;
lemmas 7-14 mm, smooth or scabridulous, lateral veins hairy, margins hairy beyond midlength, marginal hairs 0.5-1 mm, longer than those elsewhere, awns (2)8-30 mm, flexuous to moderately outcurving;
paleas 6-13 mm, with hairs of varying lengths on the keels and apices, acute, bidentate;
anthers 2-3.5 mm.
usually mid-May to mid-June.
from May to July.
= 28.
= 28.
Elymus macgregorii
Elymus hirsutus
Elymus macgregorii grows in moist, deep, alluvial or residual, calcareous or other base-rich soils in woods and thickets, mostly east of the 100th Meridian in the contiguous United States. It used to be confused with E. glabriflorus (p. 296) or E. virginicus (p. 298), but it reaches anthesis about a month earlier than sympatric populations of these species. In most of its range, E. macgregorii has purplish black auricles; light brown auricles may be locally abundant, particularly in populations at the limits of its range.
Elymus macregorii hybridizes with several species, but especially E. virginicus and E. hystrix (p. 316) (Campbell 2000). Western plants often have smaller, more condensed spikes and distinctly villous leaves, suggesting a transition to E. virginicus var. jejunus (p. 300). Transitions to E. virginicus var. jejunus can also be recognized to the north, where the dates of anthesis are delayed, but even in Maine, E. macgregorii reaches anthesis about 10 days earlier than E. virginicus (Campbell and Haines 2002). Plants with villous lemmas grow at scattered locations; they have not been reported in distinct habitats, nor in large enough populations to warrant taxonomic recognition.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Elymus hirsutus grows in moist to damp or dry soils in woods, thickets, and grasslands. Its range extends along the coastal mountains from the Aleutian Islands to northern Oregon, and inland to eastern British Columbia. Plants in the southern part of the range tend to have villous leaves and more erect spikes with shorter, straighter awns.
Elymus hirsutus is similar to E. glaucus (see previous), but its more pendent spikes, lemma pubescence pattern, and shorter glumes enable most specimens to be readily identified. Intermediates do exist; it is not known whether they reflect introgression or extremes of variation. Elymus hirsutus occasionally hybridizes with Leymus mollis (p. 356) and Hordeum brachyantherum (p. 243).
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
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