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streambank wheatgrass, streamside wild rye, thick-spike wildrye, thickspike wheatgrass

boreal wild rye, hairy wildrye, northern ryegrass, northwestern wildrye

Habit Plants strongly rhizomatous, sometimes glaucous. Plants cespitose, sometimes shortly rhizomatous.
Culms

22-130 cm, erect;

nodes glabrous.

40-140 cm, usually somewhat decumbent;

nodes 4-7, mostly exposed, usually glabrous, occasionally puberulent.

Leaves

often mostly basal, sometimes more evenly distributed;

sheaths glabrous or pubescent;

auricles usually present on the lower leaves, 0.5-1.5 mm;

ligules 0.1-0.5 mm, erose, sometimes ciliolate;

blades 1.5-6 mm wide, generally involute, abaxial surfaces usually glabrous, adaxial surfaces strigose, ribs subequal in size and spacing.

evenly distributed;

sheaths usually glabrous and smooth, occasionally scabridulous or retrorsely hairy, sometimes purplish;

auricles to 1.5 mm, often absent;

ligules to 1 mm;

blades 4-12 mm wide, lax, usually deep green, adaxial surfaces usually pilose or villous, occasionally puberulent or scabridulous.

Spikes

3.5-26 cm long, 0.5-1 cm wide, erect to slightly nodding, usually with 1 spikelet per node, sometimes with 2 at a few nodes;

internodes 3.5-15 mm long, 0.1-0.8 mm wide, glabrous or hairy.

6-20 cm long, 0.5-2 cm wide, nodding to pendent, with 2 spikelets per node, rarely with 3 at some nodes;

internodes 3-10(12) mm long, 0.2-0.7 mm thick at the thinnest sections, usually glabrous, sometimes sparsely hairy.

Spikelets

8-31 mm, 1.5-3 times longer than the internodes, appressed, with 3-11 florets;

rachillas glabrous or hairy, hairs to 1 mm;

disarticulation above the glumes, beneath each floret.

12-20 mm, appressed to divergent, sometimes purplish at higher latitudes, with 2-4(7) florets, lowest florets functional;

disarticulation above the glumes and beneath each floret.

Glumes

subequal, 5-14 mm long, 1/2 - 3/4 the length of the adjacent lemmas, 0.7-1.3 mm wide, lanceolate, glabrous or hairy, smooth or scabrous, 3-5-veined, flat or weakly, often asymmetrically keeled, keels straight, margins narrow, tapering from the base or from beyond midlength, apices acute to acuminate, sometimes mucronate or shortly awned;

lemmas 7-12 mm, glabrous or hairy, hairs all alike, sometimes scabrous, acute to awn-tipped, awns to 2 mm, straight;

paleas about equal to the lemmas, keels straight below the apices, smooth or scabrous proximally, sometimes hairy, scabrous distally, intercostal region glabrous or with hairs, apices 0.2-0.3 mm wide;

anthers (2.5)3-6 mm.

equal or subequal, the bases flat, occasionally indurate for 0.5 mm, veins usually evident, glume bodies (4.5)7-10(11) mm long, 0.7-1.5 mm wide, linear-lanceolate, entire, widening or parallel-sided above the base, 3-5-veined, usually scabridulous to scabrous, veins occasionally hirsute beyond midlength, margins hyaline or scarious, awns 1-10 mm, straight;

lemmas 7-14 mm, smooth or scabridulous, lateral veins hairy, margins hairy beyond midlength, marginal hairs 0.5-1 mm, longer than those elsewhere, awns (2)8-30 mm, flexuous to moderately outcurving;

paleas 6-13 mm, with hairs of varying lengths on the keels and apices, acute, bidentate;

anthers 2-3.5 mm.

Anthesis

from May to July.

2n

= 28.

= 28.

Elymus lanceolatus

Elymus hirsutus

Distribution
from FNA
AK; AZ; CA; CO; ID; IL; MI; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; OR; SD; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; ON; SK; YT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; CA; OR; WA; BC
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Elymus lanceolatus grows in sand and clay soils and dry to mesic habitats. It is found primarily in the western half of the Flora region, between the coastal mountains and 95° W longitude, with the exception of E. lanceolatus subsp. psammophilus, which extends around the Great Lakes. Three subspecies are recognized, primarily on the basis of their lemma and palea pubescence.

Elymus lanceolatus is primarily outcrossing, and hybridizes with several species of Triticeae. Elymus albicans (p. 334) is thought to be derived from hybridization with the awned phase of Pseudoroegneria spicata (p. 281). Judging from specimens of controlled hybrids, hybridization with E. trachycaulus (p. 321) and unawned plants of P. spicata probably occur, but would be almost impossible to detect without careful observation in the field. Experimental hybrids are partially fertile, and capable of backcrossing to either parent (Dewey 1965, 1967, 1968, 1975, 1976).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Elymus hirsutus grows in moist to damp or dry soils in woods, thickets, and grasslands. Its range extends along the coastal mountains from the Aleutian Islands to northern Oregon, and inland to eastern British Columbia. Plants in the southern part of the range tend to have villous leaves and more erect spikes with shorter, straighter awns.

Elymus hirsutus is similar to E. glaucus (see previous), but its more pendent spikes, lemma pubescence pattern, and shorter glumes enable most specimens to be readily identified. Intermediates do exist; it is not known whether they reflect introgression or extremes of variation. Elymus hirsutus occasionally hybridizes with Leymus mollis (p. 356) and Hordeum brachyantherum (p. 243).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Lemmas densely hairy, hairs flexible, some 1 mm long or longer
subsp. psammophilus
1. Lemmas glabrous or with stiff hairs shorter than 1 mm.
→ 2
2. Lemmas with hairs, not scabrous
subsp. lanceolatus
2. Lemmas smooth, sometimes scabrous distally, mosdy glabrous, sometimes the lemma margins hairy proximally
subsp. riparius
Source FNA vol. 24, p. 327. FNA vol. 24, p. 310.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Triticeae > Elymus Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Triticeae > Elymus
Sibling taxa
E. alaskanus, E. albicans, E. arizonicus, E. bakeri, E. canadensis, E. caninus, E. churchii, E. ciliaris, E. curvatus, E. dahuricus, E. diversiglumis, E. elymoides, E. glabriflorus, E. glaucus, E. hirsutus, E. hoffmannii, E. hystrix, E. interruptus, E. macgregorii, E. macrourus, E. multisetus, E. pringlei, E. repens, E. riparius, E. scribneri, E. semicostatus, E. sibiricus, E. sierrae, E. stebbinsii, E. svensonii, E. texensis, E. trachycaulus, E. tsukushiensis, E. villosus, E. violaceus, E. virginicus, E. wawawaiensis, E. wiegandii, E. ×cayouetteorum, E. ×ebingeri, E. ×hansenii, E. ×palmerensis, E. ×pinalenoensis, E. ×pseudorepens, E. ×saundersii, E. ×yukonensis
E. alaskanus, E. albicans, E. arizonicus, E. bakeri, E. canadensis, E. caninus, E. churchii, E. ciliaris, E. curvatus, E. dahuricus, E. diversiglumis, E. elymoides, E. glabriflorus, E. glaucus, E. hoffmannii, E. hystrix, E. interruptus, E. lanceolatus, E. macgregorii, E. macrourus, E. multisetus, E. pringlei, E. repens, E. riparius, E. scribneri, E. semicostatus, E. sibiricus, E. sierrae, E. stebbinsii, E. svensonii, E. texensis, E. trachycaulus, E. tsukushiensis, E. villosus, E. violaceus, E. virginicus, E. wawawaiensis, E. wiegandii, E. ×cayouetteorum, E. ×ebingeri, E. ×hansenii, E. ×palmerensis, E. ×pinalenoensis, E. ×pseudorepens, E. ×saundersii, E. ×yukonensis
Subordinate taxa
E. lanceolatus subsp. lanceolatus, E. lanceolatus subsp. psammophilus, E. lanceolatus subsp. riparius
Synonyms Agropyron dasystachyum var. riparium, Agropyron dasystachyum E. borealis
Name authority (Scribn. & J.G. Sm.) Gould J. Presl
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