Elymus hystrix
Elymus scribneri
bottlebrush grass, eastern bottle-brush grass, glumeless wlldrye
Scribner's wheat grass, Scribner's wild rye, spreading wheatgrass
50-140 cm, usually erect, occasionally geniculate below;
nodes 4-8, exposed or concealed, glabrous.
15-35(55) cm, prostrate to strongly decumbent, at least at the base;
nodes glabrous.
glabrous or shortly pilose;
auricles usually present, 0.5-1 mm;
ligules 0.2-0.4(0.7) mm, usually truncate, occasionally acute, entire to erose;
blades 1.5-4 mm wide, usually involute, adaxial surfaces prominently ribbed.
evenly distributed;
sheaths usually glabrous, occasionally pilose, often purplish;
auricles usually present, 0.5-3 mm, brown to black;
ligules 1-2(3) mm;
blades 4-16 mm wide, lax, usually deep glossy green, adaxial surfaces pilose or scabridulous.
7-20 cm long, 4-7 cm wide, more or less erect, usually with 2 spikelets per node, rarely with 3 at some nodes;
internodes (3)4-8(10) mm long, (0.1)0.2-0.3(0.4) mm thick at the thinnest sections, flexuous, usually glabrous, sometimes scabrous or hirsute, usually with green lateral bands.
3.5-10 cm long, 0.8-1.2 cm wide excluding the awns, 3-6 cm wide including the awns, usually with 1 spikelet per node, occasionally with 2 spikelets at the lower nodes;
internodes 2.5-5(7) mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide, glabrous, mostly smooth, edges scabrous.
10-18 mm, strongly divergent to patent at maturity, with (1)2-4(6) florets, lowest florets functional;
disarticulation above the glumes, beneath each floret.
9-15 mm long, 6-12 mm wide, appressed to ascending, with 3-6 florets;
rachilla internodes 0.8-1.3 mm, scabridulous;
disarticulation initially at the rachis nodes, subsequently beneath each floret.
usually vestigial, sometimes 1-3 mm long, about 0.1 mm wide, subulate, entire, with no evident veins, occasionally to 10(20) mm long including the undifferentiated awns and differing in length by more than 5 mm, 0.1-0.2 mm wide, setaceous, tapering from the base, usually glabrous, occasionally appressed-puberulent to strigose, sometimes scabrous, usually straight, rarely somewhat curving, margins firm;
lemmas 8-11 mm, usually glabrous, occasionally appressed-puberulent to strigose, especially near the margins and apices, awns (12)20-40(47) mm, usually straight, rarely somewhat curving;
paleas 7-11 mm, obtuse or truncate, occasionally emarginate;
anthers 2.5-5 mm.
4-9 mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide, mostly glabrous, midveins scabrous, 3-5-veined, entire, tapering into a divergent, 12-30 mm awn;
lemmas 7-10 mm, usually glabrous, occasionally scabridulous, awned, awns 15-30 mm, divergent, scabridulous;
paleas usually longer than the lemmas, apices ciliate, truncate or the veins extending into teeth, teeth about 0.5 mm;
anthers 1-1.6 mm.
mid-June to early July.
= 28.
= 28.
Elymus hystrix
Elymus scribneri
Elymus hystrix grows in dry to moist soils in open woods and thickets, especially on base-rich slopes and small stream terraces. It grows throughout most of temperate eastern North America, extending west to Manitoba and Oklahoma, but is absent from the southern portion of the coastal plain.
Plants with pubescent lemmas have been recognized as Elymus hystrix var. bigelovianus (Fernald) Bowden. These occur infrequently north of a line from South Dakota through Kentucky to New Jersey, and are often mixed with the typical variety; uniform populations are known in the northeastern United States. Plants with pubescent blades are also more prevalent to the north. Elymus hystrix hybridizes with most eastern species of Elymus. Introgression may account for the considerable variation in glume development and spikelet appression among these species. Lack of glumes may be a recessive character, with even slight glume development indicating introgression (Church 1967b). Plants with relatively well-developed, subequal glumes are presumed to be of hybrid origin. Such plants include most material from the Carolina piedmont region, where E. glabriflorus (p. 296) is the most likely source of introgression. The relatively frequent hybrids with E. virginicus (p. 298) are usually sterile, but Church (1967b) made crosses through three segregating generations. Within the ranges of E. diversiglumis (p. 316), E. svensonii (p. 314), and E. churchii (p. 314;, there appear to be frequent introgressants between these species and E. hystrix. Further east, especially in the Appalachian regions of North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland (including the shale barrens and nearby), there are scattered plants of E. hystrix with curving awns and, in a few cases, appressed spikelets (Campbell 2002). Whether these represent occasional variation within the E. hystrix gene pool, or whether they are outlying remnants of introgression with E. canadensis (p. 303) during a past eastward extension, is unknown.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Elymus scribneri grows in rocky areas in open subalpine and alpine regions, at 2500-3200 m, often in windswept locations, in southwestern Alberta and the western United States. It is often confused with E. elymoides (p. 318), but differs from that species in having only one spikelet per node, wider glumes, and more tardily disarticulating rachises. It also resembles E. sierrae (see next), from which it differs in its disarticulating rachises, denser spikes, and shorter anthers.
Dewey (1963) concluded that Elymus trachycaulus subsp. andinus consists of hybrids between E. scribneri and E. trachycaulus (p. 321). In addition, several taxonomists have suggested that E. scribneri consists of fertile hybrids between E. violaceus (p. 324) and E. elymoides. This suggestion is supported by the frequency with which the three taxa are sympatric, the morphological variation exhibited by E. scribneri, and cytogenetic data (Dewey 1967).
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
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