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Elliottia pyroliflora

copperbush

Georgia-plume

Habit Shrubs, 0.5–3 m, ± spreading; older twigs with copper-colored, shreddy bark, twigs of current season green, glabrous or sparsely hairy. Shrubs or trees, (2–)3–5(–12) m, spreading by root suckers; older twigs with gray, furrowed bark, twigs of current season green, with both appressed and spreading, stiff hairs.
Leaves

alternate or seemingly whorled at ends of twigs;

petiole 1–4 mm;

blade elliptic to oblanceolate, (1.5–)2–5 × 0.6–1.4 cm, base cuneate, margins flat, apex mucronate, surfaces glaucous.

alternate;

petiole 6–14 mm;

blade ovate to elliptic, 5–12 × 2–4.5 cm, base cuneate, margins flat, apex acute to acuminate, mucronate, abaxial surface sparsely hairy, especially on veins, adaxial surface green.

Inflorescences

terminal, solitary flowers or 2–3-flowered cymes, 2–4 cm;

bracts leaflike, lanceolate, 10–15 mm, margins entire.

terminal, (10–)40–80-flowered racemes or panicles (branches to 5 cm), (5–)10–20(–28) cm;

bracts (deciduous before anthesis), scalelike, linear to ligulate, 2–3 mm, margins ciliate.

Pedicels

5–10 mm, with 1–2, persistent bracteoles distally.

10–20 mm, with 2 deciduous, minute bracteoles proximally.

Flowers

calyx lobes 5, lanceolate, 7–10 × 2–4 mm, apex acute, ciliate along margins especially basally;

corolla 5-lobed, petals pinkish or copper colored, narrowly elliptic, 10–15 mm;

stamens 8(–10);

filaments glabrous;

anthers 1.7–2 mm;

style (persisting in fruit), curved or recurved, 10–12 mm.

calyx lobes 5, broadly deltate, 1–1.5 × 1–1.2 mm, apex subacute, with short, stiff hairs;

corolla 4–5-lobed, petals white, narrowly elliptic to spatulate, 9–10(–14) mm;

stamens 10;

filaments 4–5 mm, glabrous;

anthers 0.7–1 mm;

style (not persisting in fruit), straight to slightly curved (not recurved), 7–10 mm.

Capsules

5–6-parted, spheroidal, 5–8 mm, finely pitted, glabrous.

oblate-spheroidal, 4–5-parted, 7–12 mm wide, inconspicuously verrucose.

Seeds

0.5–0.8 mm, testa with conspicuous cells.

ca. 50–100, 2–2.5 mm.

2n

= 22.

= 22.

Elliottia pyroliflora

Elliottia racemosa

Phenology Flowering Jun–Jul. Flowering late spring–early summer.
Habitat Moist, coniferous forests and associated habitats in mountainous regions with cool temperatures and high rainfall, especially stream banks, bog edges, tree clumps, and forest edges in subalpine parkland Sunny to partly shady conditions on sand ridges, oak ridges, evergreen hummocks, and sandstone (rarely siliceous limestone) outcrops
Elevation 0-2500 m (0-8200 ft) 0-100(-200) m (0-300(-700) ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; OR; WA; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
GA; SC
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Elliottia pyroliflora has a wider geographic and elevational range than E. racemosa; it is considered difficult to grow.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Of conservation concern.

Although Elliottia racemosa is rare and localized, it occurs in a wide variety of sandy soil conditions ranging from moist to extremely dry (T. S. Patrick et al., www.georgiawildlife.com). About 70 sites are known in Georgia, and one historic site in South Carolina. The locations in Georgia are mostly within the Altamaha-Ogeechee-Savannah river drainage system. The leaves turn an attractive bright red in autumn. Georgia-plume has been in cultivation since 1813, and is hardy as far north as New England. It is considered to be difficult to grow and prone to fungal diseases (R. Determan, pers. comm.).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 8, p. 474. FNA vol. 8, p. 474.
Parent taxa Ericaceae > subfam. Ericoideae > Elliottia Ericaceae > subfam. Ericoideae > Elliottia
Sibling taxa
E. racemosa
E. pyroliflora
Synonyms Cladothamnus pyroliflorus, Leiophyllum pyroliflorum
Name authority (Bongard) Brim & P. F. Stevens: J. Arnold Arbor. 59: 336. 1978 , Muhlenberg ex Elliott: Sketch. Bot. S. Carolina 1: 448. 1817 ,
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