Elliottia |
Elliottia racemosa |
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elliottia |
Georgia-plume |
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Habit | Shrubs or trees. | Shrubs or trees, (2–)3–5(–12) m, spreading by root suckers; older twigs with gray, furrowed bark, twigs of current season green, with both appressed and spreading, stiff hairs. | ||||
Stems | erect; twigs glabrous. |
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Leaves | deciduous [persistent], alternate, sometimes seemingly whorled; petiole present; blade subcoriaceous, margins entire. |
alternate; petiole 6–14 mm; blade ovate to elliptic, 5–12 × 2–4.5 cm, base cuneate, margins flat, apex acute to acuminate, mucronate, abaxial surface sparsely hairy, especially on veins, adaxial surface green. |
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Inflorescences | terminal racemes, panicles, or cymes, 2–80-flowered, sometimes flowers solitary; perulae absent. |
terminal, (10–)40–80-flowered racemes or panicles (branches to 5 cm), (5–)10–20(–28) cm; bracts (deciduous before anthesis), scalelike, linear to ligulate, 2–3 mm, margins ciliate. |
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Pedicels | 10–20 mm, with 2 deciduous, minute bracteoles proximally. |
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Flowers | bisexual, radially symmetric; sepals [3–]5, ± distinct; petals 4–5, distinct or connate to 1/4 their lengths, corolla deciduous, rotate; stamens 8(–10), exserted; anthers without awns, dehiscent laterally; ovary 5–6-locular; style exserted; stigma expanded, discoid. |
calyx lobes 5, broadly deltate, 1–1.5 × 1–1.2 mm, apex subacute, with short, stiff hairs; corolla 4–5-lobed, petals white, narrowly elliptic to spatulate, 9–10(–14) mm; stamens 10; filaments 4–5 mm, glabrous; anthers 0.7–1 mm; style (not persisting in fruit), straight to slightly curved (not recurved), 7–10 mm. |
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Fruits | capsular, spheroidal or oblate-spheroidal, dehiscence ± septicidal. |
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Capsules | oblate-spheroidal, 4–5-parted, 7–12 mm wide, inconspicuously verrucose. |
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Seeds | 30–100, ovoid, flattened, not tailed, sometimes winged; testa pitted. |
ca. 50–100, 2–2.5 mm. |
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x | = 11. |
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2n | = 22. |
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Elliottia |
Elliottia racemosa |
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Phenology | Flowering late spring–early summer. | |||||
Habitat | Sunny to partly shady conditions on sand ridges, oak ridges, evergreen hummocks, and sandstone (rarely siliceous limestone) outcrops | |||||
Elevation | 0-100(-200) m (0-300(-700) ft) | |||||
Distribution |
w North America; se North America; e Asia (Japan) |
GA; SC |
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Discussion | Cladothamnus Bongard; Tripetaleia Siebold & Zuccarini Species 4 (2 in the flora). Although Cladothamnus, Elliottia, and Tripetaleia were long treated as distinct genera, B. A. Bohm et al. (1978) concluded that they should be merged in a single genus. This was followed by P. F. Stevens et al. (2004). The two species endemic to Japan are E. bracteata Bentham & Hooker f. and E. paniculata Bentham & Hooker f. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. Although Elliottia racemosa is rare and localized, it occurs in a wide variety of sandy soil conditions ranging from moist to extremely dry (T. S. Patrick et al., www.georgiawildlife.com). About 70 sites are known in Georgia, and one historic site in South Carolina. The locations in Georgia are mostly within the Altamaha-Ogeechee-Savannah river drainage system. The leaves turn an attractive bright red in autumn. Georgia-plume has been in cultivation since 1813, and is hardy as far north as New England. It is considered to be difficult to grow and prone to fungal diseases (R. Determan, pers. comm.). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 8, p. 473. | FNA vol. 8, p. 474. | ||||
Parent taxa | ||||||
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Name authority | Muhlenberg ex Elliott: Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1: 448. 1817 , | Muhlenberg ex Elliott: Sketch. Bot. S. Carolina 1: 448. 1817 , | ||||
Web links |