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creeping spikerush, radical fiber optic spikerush, root spikerush

pale spike-rush, wrinkle-sheath spike-rush, yellow spikerush, yellow spikesedge

Habit Plants perennial, mat-forming; rhizomes 0.2–0.5 mm thick, longer internodes 5–10 mm, scales not evident. Plants with creeping rhizomes 0.5–1 mm thick.
Culms

obscurely to ca. 10-ribbed when dry, terete, 1–12 cm × 0.4–1 mm, very soft, spongy.

3–42 cm × 0.3–0.6 mm.

Leaves

distal leaf sheaths fugaceous, colorless, translucent, apex blunt.

distal leaf sheaths often disintegrating, thinly membranous-translucent, inflated distally, often wrinkled, apex blunt.

Spikelets

ovoid, 2–3 × 1–1.5 mm, apex acute;

scales 5–15, 5–7 per mm of rachilla, colorless to stramineous, rarely slightly reddish, medially broadly greenish to colorless, faintly 3–5-veined, often ovate, membranous, fleshy;

proximal scale 2–2.5 × 0.7 mm, other scales 1.5–2 × 0.7 mm, midrib obscure to slightly keeled, apex acute to rounded.

ellipsoid, 1.5–9 × 1–3.5 mm, apex acute to acuminate;

proximal scale without flower, not amplexicaulous;

floral scales to 65, 5–7 per mm of rachilla, loosely appressed to appressed, elliptic, 1–3 × 0.4–1.6 mm, membranous, apex acute.

Flowers

perianth bristles equaling achene;

anthers yellow to brown, 0.3–0.5 mm.

perianth bristles (0–)5–8, typically 7, white to stramineous, spinules dense to few;

styles 2-fid, rarely 3-fid.

Achenes

brownish, angles plus longitudinal ridges ca. 7, narrowly obovoid, 2 times longer than wide, 0.75–0.9 × 0.35–0.4 mm, trabeculae ca. 50, distinct.

stramineous to green or dark brown, biconvex, rarely trigonous, obovoid to obpryiform, 0.4–1.1 × 0.3–0.8 mm, very finely reticulate at 40X.

Tubercles

brown, pyramidal, 0.15 × 0.15–0.2 mm.

whitish to stramineous or green, 0.2–0.7 × 0.2–0.4 mm, apex acute to acuminate.

Eleocharis radicans

Eleocharis flavescens

Phenology Fruiting spring–winter (Apr–Dec).
Habitat Stream alluvium, lake margins, meadows, seeps, bogs
Elevation 100–1400 Ariz., Calif., Fla., La., Mich., Okla., Tex., Va.
Distribution
from FNA
HI; n Mexico; West Indies; Central America (El Salvador); South America (Argentina, Chile)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; DE; FL; GA; ID; IL; IN; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MS; MT; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TX; UT; VA; VT; WI; WY; NB; NS; ON; QC; South America; temperate North America; West Indies
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

The varieties of Eleocharis flavescens are difficult to delimit, especially in the south, and identifications of some specimens to variety are problematic.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Achenes red-brown to dark brown when ripe, 0.4–0.8(–1.1) × 0.3–0.6 mm, apex rarely highly constricted proximal to tubercle; flowers with perianth bristles typically shorter than to as long as achene.
var. flavescens
1. Achenes green to golden-brown, 0.5–1.1 × 0.4–0.8 mm, often highly constricted proximal to tubercle; flowers with perianth bristles typically longer than achene.
var. olivacea
Source FNA vol. 23, p. 112. FNA vol. 23, p. 100.
Parent taxa Cyperaceae > Eleocharis > subg. Scirpidium Cyperaceae > Eleocharis > subg. Eleocharis > sect. Eleogenus > ser. Maculosae
Sibling taxa
E. acicularis, E. aestuum, E. albida, E. ambigens, E. atropurpurea, E. baldwinii, E. bella, E. bernardina, E. bicolor, E. bifida, E. bolanderi, E. brachycarpa, E. brittonii, E. cancellata, E. cellulosa, E. coloradoensis, E. compressa, E. cylindrica, E. decumbens, E. diandra, E. elliptica, E. elongata, E. engelmannii, E. equisetoides, E. erythropoda, E. fallax, E. flavescens, E. geniculata, E. intermedia, E. interstincta, E. kamtschatica, E. lanceolata, E. macrostachya, E. mamillata, E. melanocarpa, E. microcarpa, E. minima, E. montana, E. montevidensis, E. nana, E. nigrescens, E. nitida, E. obtusa, E. obtusetrigona, E. occulta, E. ovata, E. pachycarpa, E. palustris, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. quadrangulata, E. quinqueflora, E. ravenelii, E. retroflexa, E. reverchonii, E. robbinsii, E. rostellata, E. suksdorfiana, E. tenuis, E. torticulmis, E. tortilis, E. tricostata, E. tuberculosa, E. uniglumis, E. vivipara, E. wolfii
E. acicularis, E. aestuum, E. albida, E. ambigens, E. atropurpurea, E. baldwinii, E. bella, E. bernardina, E. bicolor, E. bifida, E. bolanderi, E. brachycarpa, E. brittonii, E. cancellata, E. cellulosa, E. coloradoensis, E. compressa, E. cylindrica, E. decumbens, E. diandra, E. elliptica, E. elongata, E. engelmannii, E. equisetoides, E. erythropoda, E. fallax, E. geniculata, E. intermedia, E. interstincta, E. kamtschatica, E. lanceolata, E. macrostachya, E. mamillata, E. melanocarpa, E. microcarpa, E. minima, E. montana, E. montevidensis, E. nana, E. nigrescens, E. nitida, E. obtusa, E. obtusetrigona, E. occulta, E. ovata, E. pachycarpa, E. palustris, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. quadrangulata, E. quinqueflora, E. radicans, E. ravenelii, E. retroflexa, E. reverchonii, E. robbinsii, E. rostellata, E. suksdorfiana, E. tenuis, E. torticulmis, E. tortilis, E. tricostata, E. tuberculosa, E. uniglumis, E. vivipara, E. wolfii
Subordinate taxa
E. flavescens var. flavescens, E. flavescens var. olivacea
Synonyms Scirpus radicans, E. acicularis var. radicans, E. lindheimeri Scirpus flavescens
Name authority (Poiret) Kunth: Enum. Pl. 2: 142. (1837) (Poiret) Urban: Symb. Antill. 4: 116. (1903)
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