Eleocharis melanocarpa |
Eleocharis lanceolata |
|
---|---|---|
black-fruit spike-rush, black-fruit spikesedge |
daggerleaf spikerush |
|
Culms | to 2 times wider than thick, 35–60(–70) cm × 0.5–1.3 mm, hard, usually with to 10 blunt ribs, at 20X often finely ridged and minutely granular. |
20–35 cm × 0.3–1 mm. |
Leaves | distal leaf sheaths brown to reddish. |
apex of distal leaf sheath subacute to narrowly acute, tooth to 0.3(–1.1) mm. |
Spikelets | 3–12 × 3–4 mm; proximal scale amplexicaulous, 3.5–4 mm, midrib region very broad and fleshy, apex entire; subproximal scale with a flower; floral scales 30–40, 8–10 per mm of rachilla, orange-brown to stramineous, midrib region stramineous, broadly ovate, papery or sometimes membranous, 3–4 × 2 mm, apex entire, rounded. |
narrowly lanceoloid, 3–12 × (1–)2–2.5(–4) mm, apex acute; floral scales 25–100, 10–12 per mm of rachilla, orangebrown to stramineous, ovate, 1.5–2 × 1 mm, midribs mostly keeled, apex acute or narrowly rounded in proximal part of spikelet. |
Flowers | perianth bristles present, sometimes rudimentary, brown, length variable, obscurely retrorsely spinulose; anthers brown, 1.7–2.2 mm. |
perianth bristles 6–7, brown, stout, the longest equaling or exceeding tubercle; stamens 2–3; anthers brown, 0.3 mm; styles 2-fid. |
Achenes | subdeltoid in outline, sometimes broadly obpyriform, equilaterally trigonous, angles prominent, 0.9–1.2 × 0.7–1.1 mm, apex truncate. |
0.9–1.1 × 0.6–0.8 mm. |
Tubercles | sessile, depressed-pyramidal, often apiculate, as wide as achene, 0.3–0.5 × 0.7–1.1 mm. |
deltoid, 0.25–0.5 × 0.5–0.7 mm, 1/2–2/3 as high as wide, 1/4–1/2 as high and 2/3–4/5 as wide as achene. |
2n | = 10. |
|
Eleocharis melanocarpa |
Eleocharis lanceolata |
|
Phenology | Fruiting summer. | Fruiting summer to fall. |
Habitat | Fresh, oligotrophic, acid, sandy or peaty, often drying shores, ponds, ditches | Fresh shores, stream beds, pine woods, disturbed places |
Elevation | 10–300 m (0–1000 ft) | 0–400 m (0–1300 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; FL; GA; IN; MA; MI; NC; NY; RI; SC; TX; VA
|
AR; CA; KS; LA; MO; OK; TN; TX |
Discussion | Eleocharis melanocarpa is reported from Rhode Island; I have not seen a voucher specimen. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Some collections of Eleocharis lanceolata from Tennessee appear to be intermediate with E. obtusa. The California record is an introduced rice-field weed collected in 1949. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 89. | FNA vol. 23, p. 104. |
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Eleocharis > subg. Eleocharis > sect. Eleocharis > ser. Melanocarpae | Cyperaceae > Eleocharis > subg. Eleocharis > sect. Eleogenus > ser. Ovatae |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Torrey: Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 3: 311. (1836) | Fernald: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 34: 493, figs. 27–29. (1899) |
Web links |