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black-fruit spike-rush, black-fruit spikesedge

daggerleaf spikerush

Culms

to 2 times wider than thick, 35–60(–70) cm × 0.5–1.3 mm, hard, usually with to 10 blunt ribs, at 20X often finely ridged and minutely granular.

20–35 cm × 0.3–1 mm.

Leaves

distal leaf sheaths brown to reddish.

apex of distal leaf sheath subacute to narrowly acute, tooth to 0.3(–1.1) mm.

Spikelets

3–12 × 3–4 mm;

proximal scale amplexicaulous, 3.5–4 mm, midrib region very broad and fleshy, apex entire;

subproximal scale with a flower;

floral scales 30–40, 8–10 per mm of rachilla, orange-brown to stramineous, midrib region stramineous, broadly ovate, papery or sometimes membranous, 3–4 × 2 mm, apex entire, rounded.

narrowly lanceoloid, 3–12 × (1–)2–2.5(–4) mm, apex acute;

floral scales 25–100, 10–12 per mm of rachilla, orangebrown to stramineous, ovate, 1.5–2 × 1 mm, midribs mostly keeled, apex acute or narrowly rounded in proximal part of spikelet.

Flowers

perianth bristles present, sometimes rudimentary, brown, length variable, obscurely retrorsely spinulose;

anthers brown, 1.7–2.2 mm.

perianth bristles 6–7, brown, stout, the longest equaling or exceeding tubercle;

stamens 2–3;

anthers brown, 0.3 mm;

styles 2-fid.

Achenes

subdeltoid in outline, sometimes broadly obpyriform, equilaterally trigonous, angles prominent, 0.9–1.2 × 0.7–1.1 mm, apex truncate.

0.9–1.1 × 0.6–0.8 mm.

Tubercles

sessile, depressed-pyramidal, often apiculate, as wide as achene, 0.3–0.5 × 0.7–1.1 mm.

deltoid, 0.25–0.5 × 0.5–0.7 mm, 1/2–2/3 as high as wide, 1/4–1/2 as high and 2/3–4/5 as wide as achene.

2n

= 10.

Eleocharis melanocarpa

Eleocharis lanceolata

Phenology Fruiting summer. Fruiting summer to fall.
Habitat Fresh, oligotrophic, acid, sandy or peaty, often drying shores, ponds, ditches Fresh shores, stream beds, pine woods, disturbed places
Elevation 10–300 m (0–1000 ft) 0–400 m (0–1300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; IN; MA; MI; NC; NY; RI; SC; TX; VA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AR; CA; KS; LA; MO; OK; TN; TX
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Eleocharis melanocarpa is reported from Rhode Island; I have not seen a voucher specimen.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Some collections of Eleocharis lanceolata from Tennessee appear to be intermediate with E. obtusa. The California record is an introduced rice-field weed collected in 1949.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 23, p. 89. FNA vol. 23, p. 104.
Parent taxa Cyperaceae > Eleocharis > subg. Eleocharis > sect. Eleocharis > ser. Melanocarpae Cyperaceae > Eleocharis > subg. Eleocharis > sect. Eleogenus > ser. Ovatae
Sibling taxa
E. acicularis, E. aestuum, E. albida, E. ambigens, E. atropurpurea, E. baldwinii, E. bella, E. bernardina, E. bicolor, E. bifida, E. bolanderi, E. brachycarpa, E. brittonii, E. cancellata, E. cellulosa, E. coloradoensis, E. compressa, E. cylindrica, E. decumbens, E. diandra, E. elliptica, E. elongata, E. engelmannii, E. equisetoides, E. erythropoda, E. fallax, E. flavescens, E. geniculata, E. intermedia, E. interstincta, E. kamtschatica, E. lanceolata, E. macrostachya, E. mamillata, E. microcarpa, E. minima, E. montana, E. montevidensis, E. nana, E. nigrescens, E. nitida, E. obtusa, E. obtusetrigona, E. occulta, E. ovata, E. pachycarpa, E. palustris, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. quadrangulata, E. quinqueflora, E. radicans, E. ravenelii, E. retroflexa, E. reverchonii, E. robbinsii, E. rostellata, E. suksdorfiana, E. tenuis, E. torticulmis, E. tortilis, E. tricostata, E. tuberculosa, E. uniglumis, E. vivipara, E. wolfii
E. acicularis, E. aestuum, E. albida, E. ambigens, E. atropurpurea, E. baldwinii, E. bella, E. bernardina, E. bicolor, E. bifida, E. bolanderi, E. brachycarpa, E. brittonii, E. cancellata, E. cellulosa, E. coloradoensis, E. compressa, E. cylindrica, E. decumbens, E. diandra, E. elliptica, E. elongata, E. engelmannii, E. equisetoides, E. erythropoda, E. fallax, E. flavescens, E. geniculata, E. intermedia, E. interstincta, E. kamtschatica, E. macrostachya, E. mamillata, E. melanocarpa, E. microcarpa, E. minima, E. montana, E. montevidensis, E. nana, E. nigrescens, E. nitida, E. obtusa, E. obtusetrigona, E. occulta, E. ovata, E. pachycarpa, E. palustris, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. quadrangulata, E. quinqueflora, E. radicans, E. ravenelii, E. retroflexa, E. reverchonii, E. robbinsii, E. rostellata, E. suksdorfiana, E. tenuis, E. torticulmis, E. tortilis, E. tricostata, E. tuberculosa, E. uniglumis, E. vivipara, E. wolfii
Name authority Torrey: Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 3: 311. (1836) Fernald: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 34: 493, figs. 27–29. (1899)
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