Eleocharis engelmannii |
Eleocharis sect. Eleogenus |
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Engelman spikerush, Engelmann's spike-rush, Engelmann's spikesedge, englemann's spike-rush |
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Habit | Plants annual or perennial, never stoloniferous, sometimes with creeping rhizomes 0.5–1 mm thick, tubers absent. | |
Culms | 2–40 cm × 0.5–1.5(–2) mm. |
terete, to 90 cm × 2 mm. |
Leaves | apex of distal leaf sheath obtuse to acute, tooth to 0.3 mm. |
distal leaf sheaths usually persistent, thinly membranous to papery. |
Spikelets | lanceoloid to subcylindric or ovoid, 5–10(–20) × 2–3(–4) mm, apex acute (to rounded); proximal scale empty, encircling ca. 2/3 of culm; floral scales 25–100(–200), 8–12 per mm of rachilla, orangebrown to stramineous, 2(–2.5) × 1–1.3 mm, midribs mostly keeled, ovate, apex narrowly rounded to subacute. |
terete, to 13 × 4 mm. |
Flowers | perianth bristles present or often absent, 5–8, brown, stout, rudimentary to slightly exceeding tubercle; stamens (2–)3; anthers brown to yellow, 0.3–0.7(–1) mm; styles 2–3-fid. |
styles 2-fid or with to ca. 1/2 3-fid. |
Achenes | 0.9–1.1(–1.5) × 0.7–1.1 mm. |
biconvex or rarely to ca. 1/2 trigonous; angles keeled (costate), at least distally. |
Tubercles | depressed, subdeltoid, 0.1–0.3(–0.4) × 0.6–0.9(–1) mm, 1/10–2/5 as high as wide, 1/4 or less as high as achene, 9/10 as wide as achene, very rarely 2/5 as high as achene (in E. engelmannii var. robusta). |
distinct from achene apex in color, texture, and form. |
2n | = 10. |
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Eleocharis engelmannii |
Eleocharis sect. Eleogenus |
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Phenology | Fruiting spring–fall. | |
Habitat | Fresh shores, marshes, disturbed places | |
Elevation | 30–2400 m (100–7900 ft) | |
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; TN; TX; VA; WA; WI; WV; AB; BC; MB; ON
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Worldwide; primarily New World temperate regions |
Discussion | Robust plants known only from Missouri and described as Eleocharis engelmannii var. robusta have well-developed caudices, culms to 2 mm wide (pressed), spikelets to 2 cm, floral scales to 2.5 mm and slightly cartilaginous, styles mostly trifid, achenes to 1.5 × 1 mm, and tubercles 0.3–0.5 × 0.7–1 mm and to 2/5 as high as achene. Some specimens are intermediate between E. engelmannii and E. obtusa, or rarely with E. lanceolata. I have not seen specimens to verify literature reports of E. engelmannii from Manitoba, Connecticut, Delaware, Idaho, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, or Vermont. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species 18 (9 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 104. | FNA vol. 23. |
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Eleocharis > subg. Eleocharis > sect. Eleogenus > ser. Ovatae | Cyperaceae > Eleocharis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Subordinate taxa | ||
Synonyms | E. engelmannii var. detonsa, E. engelmannii var. monticola, E. engelmannii var. robusta, E. monticola, E. monticola var. leviseta, E. ovata var. detonsa | |
Name authority | Steudel: Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 79. (1855) | (Nees) Bentham: in G. Bentham and J. D. Hooker, Gen. Pl. 3: 1047. (1883) |
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