Eleocharis atropurpurea |
Eleocharis flavescens |
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purple spike-rush |
pale spike-rush, wrinkle-sheath spike-rush, yellow spikerush, yellow spikesedge |
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Habit | Plants tufted, without creeping rhizomes. | Plants with creeping rhizomes 0.5–1 mm thick. | ||||
Culms | 2–12(–19) cm × 0.2–0.4 mm. |
3–42 cm × 0.3–0.6 mm. |
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Leaves | distal leaf sheaths firm, distally tightly sheathing, apex acute. |
distal leaf sheaths often disintegrating, thinly membranous-translucent, inflated distally, often wrinkled, apex blunt. |
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Spikelets | ovoid to ellipsoid, 2–6(–8) × 1–2.5 mm, apex acute; proximal scale with or without flower, not amplexicaulous; floral scales to 100, 15–19 per mm of rachilla, often loosely appressed, dark red-brown to stramineous, ovate to elliptic, 0.6–1.3 × 0.3–0.7 mm, membranous, apex rounded to acute. |
ellipsoid, 1.5–9 × 1–3.5 mm, apex acute to acuminate; proximal scale without flower, not amplexicaulous; floral scales to 65, 5–7 per mm of rachilla, loosely appressed to appressed, elliptic, 1–3 × 0.4–1.6 mm, membranous, apex acute. |
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Flowers | perianth bristles (0–)4–6, typically 4, colorless to whitish, vestigial to 1/2 as long as achene, smooth or spinuliferous; styles 2-fid. |
perianth bristles (0–)5–8, typically 7, white to stramineous, spinules dense to few; styles 2-fid, rarely 3-fid. |
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Achenes | black, obovoid, biconvex, 0.3–0.5 × 0.3–0.4 mm, apex often constricted proximal to tubercle, smooth at 40X. |
stramineous to green or dark brown, biconvex, rarely trigonous, obovoid to obpryiform, 0.4–1.1 × 0.3–0.8 mm, very finely reticulate at 40X. |
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Tubercles | stramineous to whitish, umbonate to subconic, 0.1–0.2 × 0.1–0.2 mm, apex acute. |
whitish to stramineous or green, 0.2–0.7 × 0.2–0.4 mm, apex acute to acuminate. |
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2n | = 20. |
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Eleocharis atropurpurea |
Eleocharis flavescens |
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Phenology | Fruiting summer–fall (Jun–Sep). | |||||
Habitat | Canal banks, hammocks, irrigation ditches, lake and pond margins, maritime shores, rice fields | |||||
Elevation | 0–1800 m (0–5900 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; CA; FL; GA; IA; KS; LA; MI; MO; NC; NE; NM; OK; SC; TX; WA; BC; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies; Europe (naturalized); Asia; Africa; Pacific Islands
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AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; DE; FL; GA; ID; IL; IN; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MS; MT; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TX; UT; VA; VT; WI; WY; NB; NS; ON; QC; South America; temperate North America; West Indies
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Discussion | Eleocharis atropurpurea has been reported from Colorado, Montana, and Virginia; I have not seen voucher specimens. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). The varieties of Eleocharis flavescens are difficult to delimit, especially in the south, and identifications of some specimens to variety are problematic. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 102. | FNA vol. 23, p. 100. | ||||
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Eleocharis > subg. Eleocharis > sect. Eleogenus > ser. Maculosae | Cyperaceae > Eleocharis > subg. Eleocharis > sect. Eleogenus > ser. Maculosae | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Scirpus atropurpureus | Scirpus flavescens | ||||
Name authority | (Retzius) J. Presl & C. Presl: in C. B. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1: 196. (1828) | (Poiret) Urban: Symb. Antill. 4: 116. (1903) | ||||
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