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red-stem waterwort, Southwestern waterwort, three-flower waterwort

small waterwort, élatine naine

Habit Herbs, emergent on wet substrates, 1–6(–16) cm. Herbs, submersed or emersed on wet substrates, 0.2–3(–10) cm.
Stems

ascending or prostrate, branched.

erect or ascending, usually unbranched, sometimes 1–2 branched.

Leaves

reddish green;

stipules lanceolate, 0.5–0.6 mm, margins dentate, apex acute;

petiole 0.5–1(–3) mm;

blade oblong-lanceolate, 3–8 × (0.5–)1–2(–2.2) mm, base attenuate to rounded, apex obtuse to slightly emarginate.

green;

stipules lanceolate, 0.2 mm, margins entire, apex rounded;

petiole 0–1 mm;

blade elliptic to oblanceolate or spatulate, 0.3–5(–11) × 0.7–1.8(–4) mm, base rounded to truncate, apex obtuse-acute.

Pedicels

0–0.5 mm, erect.

0–0.2 mm, erect.

Flowers

sepals (2–)3, if 2, equal, if 3, 1 smaller, oblong-ovate or widely lanceolate, 1–1.5 × 1–1.5 mm;

petals 3, pinkish white to reddish, elliptic or ovate, 1–1.5 × 0.5 mm;

stamens 3;

styles 3.

cleistogamous when submersed;

sepals 2, equal, ovate to oblong, 0.5 × 0.3 mm;

petals 2, reddish, long-elliptic, elliptic, or ovate, 1–1.5 × 0.5 mm;

stamens 2;

styles 2.

Capsules

oblong-ovoid, 3-locular, 1.5–2.5 mm diam.

oblong-ovoid, 2-locular, 0.9–1.5 mm diam.

Seeds

10–20(–30) per locule, narrowly oblong, straight or curved to 15°, 0.5–0.7 × 0.1–0.3 mm;

pits angular-hexagonal, length 1–2 times width, in 8–10 rows, 16–25(–30) per row.

4–9 per locule, thickly cylindric to barrel-shaped, straight, 0.4–0.5(–0.7) × 0.2(–0.3) mm;

pits elliptic, length 1.2–1.6 times width, in 8–9 rows, (11–)15–20 per row.

Elatine rubella

Elatine minima

Phenology Flowering summer. Flowering summer.
Habitat Muddy shores, shallow vernal pools, ditches, rice fields. Shores (sometimes intertidal) or in water to 2 m deep, sandy substrates mixed with organic debris, abandoned sunfish nests.
Elevation 0–2900 m. (0–9500 ft.) 0–400 m. (0–1300 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; ID; KS; MT; NE; NM; NV; OR; SD; UT; WY
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from FNA
CT; DE; IL; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; NC; NH; NJ; NY; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WI; NB; NL; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK; SPM
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[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Reports of Elatine rubella from southern British Columbia and Washington are based on misidentifications of E. brachysperma and E. chilensis, respectively.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 12, p. 352. FNA vol. 12, p. 353.
Parent taxa Elatinaceae > Elatine Elatinaceae > Elatine
Sibling taxa
E. ambigua, E. americana, E. brachysperma, E. californica, E. chilensis, E. heterandra, E. minima, E. ojibwayensis, E. triandra
E. ambigua, E. americana, E. brachysperma, E. californica, E. chilensis, E. heterandra, E. ojibwayensis, E. rubella, E. triandra
Synonyms Crypta minima
Name authority Rydberg: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 260. (1900) (Nuttall) Fischer & C. A. Meyer: Linnaea 10: 73. (1835)
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