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small waterwort, élatine naine

Eurasian waterwort, three-stamen waterwort

Habit Herbs, submersed or emersed on wet substrates, 0.2–3(–10) cm. Herbs, submersed, 2–10 cm.
Stems

erect or ascending, usually unbranched, sometimes 1–2 branched.

prostrate, highly branched.

Leaves

green;

stipules lanceolate, 0.2 mm, margins entire, apex rounded;

petiole 0–1 mm;

blade elliptic to oblanceolate or spatulate, 0.3–5(–11) × 0.7–1.8(–4) mm, base rounded to truncate, apex obtuse-acute.

light green to green;

stipules triangular or ovate-lanceolate, 0.7–1 mm, margins dentate, apex acute or obtuse;

petiole 0–3 mm;

blade linear, lanceolate, or narrowly oblong, 3–10 × 1.5–3.5 mm, base attenuate, apex acute or obtuse.

Pedicels

0–0.2 mm, erect.

0.3–0.4 mm, erect.

Flowers

cleistogamous when submersed;

sepals 2, equal, ovate to oblong, 0.5 × 0.3 mm;

petals 2, reddish, long-elliptic, elliptic, or ovate, 1–1.5 × 0.5 mm;

stamens 2;

styles 2.

sepals (2–)3(–4), usually 1 reduced, ovate, 0.5(–0.7) × 0.2–0.4 mm;

petals 3, white or reddish, widely ovate or elliptic, 0.6–1.2 × 0.5 mm;

stamens 3;

styles 3.

Capsules

oblong-ovoid, 2-locular, 0.9–1.5 mm diam.

compressed-globose, 3-locular, 1.2–1.7[–2] mm diam.

Seeds

4–9 per locule, thickly cylindric to barrel-shaped, straight, 0.4–0.5(–0.7) × 0.2(–0.3) mm;

pits elliptic, length 1.2–1.6 times width, in 8–9 rows, (11–)15–20 per row.

10–25 per locule, oblong, straight or slightly curved, 0.4–0.5 × 0.1–0.2 mm;

pits angular-hexagonal, length 2–3 times width, in 6–8 rows, 16–25 per row.

2n

= ca. 40.

Elatine minima

Elatine triandra

Phenology Flowering summer. Flowering summer–early fall.
Habitat Shores (sometimes intertidal) or in water to 2 m deep, sandy substrates mixed with organic debris, abandoned sunfish nests. Shores, pools.
Elevation 0–400 m. (0–1300 ft.) 0–1100(–2500) m. (0–3600(–8200) ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CT; DE; IL; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; NC; NH; NJ; NY; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WI; NB; NL; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK; SPM
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AZ; CA; CO; CT; GA; LA; MA; ME; MN; NC; ND; NE; NJ; NV; NY; OK; PA; SC; TX; UT; VA; WI; AB; NT; ON; SK; e Asia; se Asia [Introduced in North America; also introduced in South America (Brazil), Europe, Africa, Australia]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Elatine triandra is a popular aquarium plant. Reports of E. triandra from Yukon were based on misidentification of Callitriche hermaphroditica (B. Bennett et al. 2010). Elatine triandra is a common weed in rice fields of south and southeast Asia (K. Moody 1989), thus rice farming or aquarium trade may have been responsible for its introduction.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 12, p. 353. FNA vol. 12, p. 351.
Parent taxa Elatinaceae > Elatine Elatinaceae > Elatine
Sibling taxa
E. ambigua, E. americana, E. brachysperma, E. californica, E. chilensis, E. heterandra, E. ojibwayensis, E. rubella, E. triandra
E. ambigua, E. americana, E. brachysperma, E. californica, E. chilensis, E. heterandra, E. minima, E. ojibwayensis, E. rubella
Synonyms Crypta minima E. callitrichoides, E. triandra var. callitrichoides
Name authority (Nuttall) Fischer & C. A. Meyer: Linnaea 10: 73. (1835) Schkuhr: Bot. Handb. 1: 345, plate 109b, fig. 2. 1789–1791
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