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small waterwort, élatine naine

California waterwort

Habit Herbs, submersed or emersed on wet substrates, 0.2–3(–10) cm. Herbs, submersed or growing on exposed but wet substrates, 1–5 cm.
Stems

erect or ascending, usually unbranched, sometimes 1–2 branched.

decumbent to erect, branched.

Leaves

green;

stipules lanceolate, 0.2 mm, margins entire, apex rounded;

petiole 0–1 mm;

blade elliptic to oblanceolate or spatulate, 0.3–5(–11) × 0.7–1.8(–4) mm, base rounded to truncate, apex obtuse-acute.

light green to green, sometimes becoming reddish in terrestrial plants;

stipules lanceolate, 0.5–0.6 mm, margins dentate, apex acute;

petiole 1–4 mm;

blade obovate to oblanceolate, 4–12(–15) × 1.2–3 mm, base narrowly cuneate, apex acute to obtuse.

Pedicels

0–0.2 mm, erect.

1.5–2.5(–3.5) mm, recurved in fruit.

Flowers

cleistogamous when submersed;

sepals 2, equal, ovate to oblong, 0.5 × 0.3 mm;

petals 2, reddish, long-elliptic, elliptic, or ovate, 1–1.5 × 0.5 mm;

stamens 2;

styles 2.

sepals 4, usually equal, sometimes 1 reduced, oblong-ovate or widely lanceolate, 0.5–0.6 × 0.3–0.4 mm;

petals 4, greenish white, slightly reddish, or pink, elliptic or ovate, 1–1.5 × 0.5–0.6 mm;

stamens 8;

styles 4.

Capsules

oblong-ovoid, 2-locular, 0.9–1.5 mm diam.

depressed-ovoid, 4-locular, 1.3–2.5 mm diam.

Seeds

4–9 per locule, thickly cylindric to barrel-shaped, straight, 0.4–0.5(–0.7) × 0.2(–0.3) mm;

pits elliptic, length 1.2–1.6 times width, in 8–9 rows, (11–)15–20 per row.

2–5 per locule, oblong to ellipsoid, curved 90–180°, 0.6–1 × 0.2 mm;

pits elliptic, length 1–3 times width, in 6–10 rows, (16–)20–29 per row.

Elatine minima

Elatine californica

Phenology Flowering summer. Flowering summer.
Habitat Shores (sometimes intertidal) or in water to 2 m deep, sandy substrates mixed with organic debris, abandoned sunfish nests. Pools, pond shores, rice fields, stream banks.
Elevation 0–400 m. (0–1300 ft.) 0–1900(–2600) m. (0–6200(–8500) ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CT; DE; IL; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; NC; NH; NJ; NY; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WI; NB; NL; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK; SPM
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from FNA
AZ; CA; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA; Mexico (Baja California)
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Discussion

Elatine californica is distinguished from other species of the genus by having long pedicels that are recurved in fruit and strongly curved seeds that can be nearly circular.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 12, p. 353. FNA vol. 12, p. 350.
Parent taxa Elatinaceae > Elatine Elatinaceae > Elatine
Sibling taxa
E. ambigua, E. americana, E. brachysperma, E. californica, E. chilensis, E. heterandra, E. ojibwayensis, E. rubella, E. triandra
E. ambigua, E. americana, E. brachysperma, E. chilensis, E. heterandra, E. minima, E. ojibwayensis, E. rubella, E. triandra
Synonyms Crypta minima E. californica var. williamsii, E. williamsii
Name authority (Nuttall) Fischer & C. A. Meyer: Linnaea 10: 73. (1835) A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 13: 361, 364. (1878)
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