Elatine minima |
Elatine californica |
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small waterwort, élatine naine |
California waterwort |
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Habit | Herbs, submersed or emersed on wet substrates, 0.2–3(–10) cm. | Herbs, submersed or growing on exposed but wet substrates, 1–5 cm. |
Stems | erect or ascending, usually unbranched, sometimes 1–2 branched. |
decumbent to erect, branched. |
Leaves | green; stipules lanceolate, 0.2 mm, margins entire, apex rounded; petiole 0–1 mm; blade elliptic to oblanceolate or spatulate, 0.3–5(–11) × 0.7–1.8(–4) mm, base rounded to truncate, apex obtuse-acute. |
light green to green, sometimes becoming reddish in terrestrial plants; stipules lanceolate, 0.5–0.6 mm, margins dentate, apex acute; petiole 1–4 mm; blade obovate to oblanceolate, 4–12(–15) × 1.2–3 mm, base narrowly cuneate, apex acute to obtuse. |
Pedicels | 0–0.2 mm, erect. |
1.5–2.5(–3.5) mm, recurved in fruit. |
Flowers | cleistogamous when submersed; sepals 2, equal, ovate to oblong, 0.5 × 0.3 mm; petals 2, reddish, long-elliptic, elliptic, or ovate, 1–1.5 × 0.5 mm; stamens 2; styles 2. |
sepals 4, usually equal, sometimes 1 reduced, oblong-ovate or widely lanceolate, 0.5–0.6 × 0.3–0.4 mm; petals 4, greenish white, slightly reddish, or pink, elliptic or ovate, 1–1.5 × 0.5–0.6 mm; stamens 8; styles 4. |
Capsules | oblong-ovoid, 2-locular, 0.9–1.5 mm diam. |
depressed-ovoid, 4-locular, 1.3–2.5 mm diam. |
Seeds | 4–9 per locule, thickly cylindric to barrel-shaped, straight, 0.4–0.5(–0.7) × 0.2(–0.3) mm; pits elliptic, length 1.2–1.6 times width, in 8–9 rows, (11–)15–20 per row. |
2–5 per locule, oblong to ellipsoid, curved 90–180°, 0.6–1 × 0.2 mm; pits elliptic, length 1–3 times width, in 6–10 rows, (16–)20–29 per row. |
Elatine minima |
Elatine californica |
|
Phenology | Flowering summer. | Flowering summer. |
Habitat | Shores (sometimes intertidal) or in water to 2 m deep, sandy substrates mixed with organic debris, abandoned sunfish nests. | Pools, pond shores, rice fields, stream banks. |
Elevation | 0–400 m. (0–1300 ft.) | 0–1900(–2600) m. (0–6200(–8500) ft.) |
Distribution |
CT; DE; IL; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; NC; NH; NJ; NY; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WI; NB; NL; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK; SPM
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AZ; CA; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA; Mexico (Baja California)
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Discussion | Elatine californica is distinguished from other species of the genus by having long pedicels that are recurved in fruit and strongly curved seeds that can be nearly circular. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 353. | FNA vol. 12, p. 350. |
Parent taxa | Elatinaceae > Elatine | Elatinaceae > Elatine |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Crypta minima | E. californica var. williamsii, E. williamsii |
Name authority | (Nuttall) Fischer & C. A. Meyer: Linnaea 10: 73. (1835) | A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 13: 361, 364. (1878) |
Web links |
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