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Chilean waterwort

American waterwort, élatine américaine

Habit Herbs, emergent on wet substrates, 0.5–10 cm. Herbs, submersed, 1.5–5 cm.
Stems

ascending or prostrate, branched.

ascending or prostrate, branched.

Leaves

usually green, sometimes reddish green;

stipules triangular, 0.5–0.6 mm, margins entire, apex acute;

petiole 1–3 mm;

blade obovate to broadly spatulate, 3–4(–8) × 0.5–2.5 mm, base cuneate to rounded, apex obtuse to slightly emarginate.

green;

stipules lanceolate, 0.5–0.6 mm, margins dentate, apex acute;

petiole 0.5–3 mm;

blade obovate to broadly spatulate, 3–8 × 0.5–3.5 mm, base attenuate or cuneate, apex rounded to shallowly emarginate.

Pedicels

absent.

to 0.1 mm, erect.

Flowers

sepals 2–3, if 2, equal, if 3, 1 smaller, oblong, 0.5 × 0.3 mm;

petals 3, pinkish white to reddish, elliptic to ovate, 1–1.5 × 0.5 mm;

stamens 3;

styles 3.

cleistogamous when submersed;

sepals (2–)3, equal or 1 reduced, oblong-ovate or widely lanceolate, 0.5 × 0.3–0.5 mm;

petals 3, greenish white or pinkish white to reddish, elliptic or ovate, 0.6–1.2 × 0.5 mm;

stamens 3;

styles 3.

Capsules

depressed-ovoid, 3-locular, 1.5–2 mm diam.

oblong-ovoid, 3-locular, 1.5 mm diam.

Seeds

23–33 per locule, ellipsoid, straight or curved to 20°, 0.4–0.5 × 0.1–0.2 mm;

pits angular-hexagonal, length 3–5 times width, in 6 rows, 16–25(–35) per row.

9–12 per locule, slenderly cylindric, ± straight, 0.4–0.6 × (0.1–)0.2 mm;

pits angular-hexagonal, length 2–3 times width, in 6(–8) rows, (13–)16–25(–30) per row.

2n

= 36.

Elatine chilensis

Elatine americana

Phenology Flowering summer. Flowering summer–early fall.
Habitat Muddy shores (fresh or tidal), shallow vernal pools, ditches, rice fields. Muddy shorelines including estuaries, in water to 50 cm deep.
Elevation 0–2800 m. (0–9200 ft.) 0–300(–900) m. (0–1000(–3000) ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; NM; NV; OR; WA; South America
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from FNA
CA; CT; DE; IL; MA; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OK; PA; RI; SD; VA; MB; NB; NT; ON; QC
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[BONAP county map]
Discussion

The distribution of Elatine chilensis has an amphitropical disjunction between western North America and southern South America. The minute seeds of E. chilensis probably have been dispersed between the two regions by birds (S. Carlquist 1983).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 12, p. 352. FNA vol. 12, p. 352.
Parent taxa Elatinaceae > Elatine Elatinaceae > Elatine
Sibling taxa
E. ambigua, E. americana, E. brachysperma, E. californica, E. heterandra, E. minima, E. ojibwayensis, E. rubella, E. triandra
E. ambigua, E. brachysperma, E. californica, E. chilensis, E. heterandra, E. minima, E. ojibwayensis, E. rubella, E. triandra
Synonyms E. gracilis Peplis americana, E. triandra subsp. americana, E. triandra var. americana
Name authority Gay: Fl. Chil. 1: 286. (1846) (Pursh) Arnott: Edinburgh J. Nat. Geogr. Sci. 1: 431. (1830)
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