Elatine californica |
Elatine rubella |
|
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California waterwort |
red-stem waterwort, Southwestern waterwort, three-flower waterwort |
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Habit | Herbs, submersed or growing on exposed but wet substrates, 1–5 cm. | Herbs, emergent on wet substrates, 1–6(–16) cm. |
Stems | decumbent to erect, branched. |
ascending or prostrate, branched. |
Leaves | light green to green, sometimes becoming reddish in terrestrial plants; stipules lanceolate, 0.5–0.6 mm, margins dentate, apex acute; petiole 1–4 mm; blade obovate to oblanceolate, 4–12(–15) × 1.2–3 mm, base narrowly cuneate, apex acute to obtuse. |
reddish green; stipules lanceolate, 0.5–0.6 mm, margins dentate, apex acute; petiole 0.5–1(–3) mm; blade oblong-lanceolate, 3–8 × (0.5–)1–2(–2.2) mm, base attenuate to rounded, apex obtuse to slightly emarginate. |
Pedicels | 1.5–2.5(–3.5) mm, recurved in fruit. |
0–0.5 mm, erect. |
Flowers | sepals 4, usually equal, sometimes 1 reduced, oblong-ovate or widely lanceolate, 0.5–0.6 × 0.3–0.4 mm; petals 4, greenish white, slightly reddish, or pink, elliptic or ovate, 1–1.5 × 0.5–0.6 mm; stamens 8; styles 4. |
sepals (2–)3, if 2, equal, if 3, 1 smaller, oblong-ovate or widely lanceolate, 1–1.5 × 1–1.5 mm; petals 3, pinkish white to reddish, elliptic or ovate, 1–1.5 × 0.5 mm; stamens 3; styles 3. |
Capsules | depressed-ovoid, 4-locular, 1.3–2.5 mm diam. |
oblong-ovoid, 3-locular, 1.5–2.5 mm diam. |
Seeds | 2–5 per locule, oblong to ellipsoid, curved 90–180°, 0.6–1 × 0.2 mm; pits elliptic, length 1–3 times width, in 6–10 rows, (16–)20–29 per row. |
10–20(–30) per locule, narrowly oblong, straight or curved to 15°, 0.5–0.7 × 0.1–0.3 mm; pits angular-hexagonal, length 1–2 times width, in 8–10 rows, 16–25(–30) per row. |
Elatine californica |
Elatine rubella |
|
Phenology | Flowering summer. | Flowering summer. |
Habitat | Pools, pond shores, rice fields, stream banks. | Muddy shores, shallow vernal pools, ditches, rice fields. |
Elevation | 0–1900(–2600) m. (0–6200(–8500) ft.) | 0–2900 m. (0–9500 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA; Mexico (Baja California)
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AZ; CA; CO; ID; KS; MT; NE; NM; NV; OR; SD; UT; WY
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Discussion | Elatine californica is distinguished from other species of the genus by having long pedicels that are recurved in fruit and strongly curved seeds that can be nearly circular. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Reports of Elatine rubella from southern British Columbia and Washington are based on misidentifications of E. brachysperma and E. chilensis, respectively. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 350. | FNA vol. 12, p. 352. |
Parent taxa | Elatinaceae > Elatine | Elatinaceae > Elatine |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | E. californica var. williamsii, E. williamsii | |
Name authority | A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 13: 361, 364. (1878) | Rydberg: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 260. (1900) |
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