Elatine californica |
Elatinaceae |
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California waterwort |
waterwort family |
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Habit | Herbs, submersed or growing on exposed but wet substrates, 1–5 cm. | Herbs [subshrubs], annual [short-lived perennial], synoecious [polygamous]. | ||||
Stems | decumbent to erect, branched. |
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Leaves | light green to green, sometimes becoming reddish in terrestrial plants; stipules lanceolate, 0.5–0.6 mm, margins dentate, apex acute; petiole 1–4 mm; blade obovate to oblanceolate, 4–12(–15) × 1.2–3 mm, base narrowly cuneate, apex acute to obtuse. |
opposite [whorled], simple; stipules present; petiole present or absent; blade margins entire or serrulate; venation pinnate. |
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Inflorescences | axillary, usually cymes or flowers solitary, sometimes 2[–3]-flowered clusters. |
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Pedicels | 1.5–2.5(–3.5) mm, recurved in fruit. |
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Flowers | sepals 4, usually equal, sometimes 1 reduced, oblong-ovate or widely lanceolate, 0.5–0.6 × 0.3–0.4 mm; petals 4, greenish white, slightly reddish, or pink, elliptic or ovate, 1–1.5 × 0.5–0.6 mm; stamens 8; styles 4. |
bisexual [pistillate]; perianth and androecium hypogynous; hypanthium absent; sepals 2–5, distinct or connate basally; petals (0 or) 2–5, distinct; nectary absent; stamens [0–]1–10, distinct, free; anthers dehiscing by longitudinal slits; pistil 1, 2–5-carpellate, ovary superior, 2–5-locular, placentation axile; ovules 2–33[–44] per locule, anatropous; styles 2–5, distinct; stigmas 2–5, capitate. |
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Fruits | capsules, dehiscence septicidal or irregular. |
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Capsules | depressed-ovoid, 4-locular, 1.3–2.5 mm diam. |
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Seeds | 2–5 per locule, oblong to ellipsoid, curved 90–180°, 0.6–1 × 0.2 mm; pits elliptic, length 1–3 times width, in 6–10 rows, (16–)20–29 per row. |
2–33[–44] per locule. |
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Elatine californica |
Elatinaceae |
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Phenology | Flowering summer. | |||||
Habitat | Pools, pond shores, rice fields, stream banks. | |||||
Elevation | 0–1900(–2600) m. (0–6200(–8500) ft.) | |||||
Distribution |
AZ; CA; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA; Mexico (Baja California)
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Nearly worldwide in temperate and tropical regions |
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Discussion | Elatine californica is distinguished from other species of the genus by having long pedicels that are recurved in fruit and strongly curved seeds that can be nearly circular. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Genera 2, species ca. 50 (2 genera, 11 species in the flora). The affinities of Elatinaceae have long been uncertain; relationships with Caryophyllaceae and Clusiaceae have been proposed (G. C. Tucker 1986). Recent molecular work, combined with a review of morphology, indicates a sister relationship with Malpighiaceae (C. C. Davis and M. W. Chase 2004; K. Wurdack and Davis 2009). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 350. | FNA vol. 12, p. 348. | ||||
Parent taxa | Elatinaceae > Elatine | |||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | E. californica var. williamsii, E. williamsii | |||||
Name authority | A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 13: 361, 364. (1878) | Dumortier | ||||
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