Echinochloa crus-pavonis
Echinochloa walteri
guleaf barnyard-grass, gulf barnyard grass, gulf cockspur grass
coast barnyard grass, coast cockspur, coast cockspur grass, echinochloa de Walter, Walter's barnyard grass
30-150 cm;
nodes glabrous.
(30) 50-200+ cm tall, to 2.5 cm thick;
nodes pilose or villous, upper nodes usually with sparser and shorter pubescence, occasionally glabrous.
glabrous, often purplish;
ligules absent;
blades 12-60 cm long, 10-25 mm wide, glabrous.
10-30 cm, erect or drooping, nodes sparsely hispid, hairs papillose-based, internodes glabrous;
primary branches to 14 cm, nodes sometimes sparsely hispid, hairs papillose-based, internodes usually glabrous;
secondary branches to 3 cm.
8.5-35 cm, erect to slightly drooping, nodes hispid, hairs 3.5-5 mm, papillose-based, sometimes sparsely so, internodes usually glabrous, sometimes hispid, hairs papillose-based;
primary branches 1-10 cm, loosely erect, not concealed by the spikelets, nodes usually hispid, hairs papillose-based, sometimes glabrous, internodes scabrous, sometimes also sparsely hispid, hairs papillose-based;
secondary branches present on the longer primary branches.
2.5-3.4 mm long, 1.2-1.4 mm wide, disarticulating at maturity.
3-5 mm, disarticulating at maturity, scabrous to variously muricate and hairy, hairs usually not papillose-based, margins sometimes with a few papillose-based hairs.
1.2-1.5 mm long, 1-1.3 mm wide;
embryos 50-70% as long as the caryopses.
1.2-1.8 mm, brownish;
embryos 52-77% as long as the caryopses.
glumes subequal to the spikelets;
lower florets sterile;
lower lemmas unawned or awned, awns 3-10(15) mm, curved;
lower paleas absent, vestigial, or well-developed;
upper lemmas narrowly elliptic, not or scarcely exceeding the upper glumes, acute or obtuse, with a well-differentiated, early-withering tip, glabrous or pubescent at the base of the tip, hairs not forming a line across the base;
anthers 0.5-0.7 mm.
sheaths usually hispid, hairs papillose-based, sometimes just papillose;
upper sheaths hispid or glabrous;
ligules absent;
blades to 55 cm long, 10-35(60) mm wide, scabrous.;
lower glumes usually more than 1/2 as long as the spikelets, abruptly narrowing to a fine, 0.5 mm point;
lower florets sterile;
lower lemmas usually awned, awns 8-25(60) mm;
lower paleas subequal to the lower lemmas;
upper lemmas 3-5 mm long, about 1.5 mm wide, not or scarcely exceeding the upper glumes, narrowly ovate to elliptical, coriaceous portion subacute, tips acuminate, membranous, without a line of hairs at the base of the tip;
anthers 0.6-1(1.2) mm.
= 36.
= 36.
Echinochloa crus-pavonis
Echinochloa walteri
Echinochloa crus-pavonis is a native species found in scattered locations from British Columbia to Arizona, east to Florida, and south into South America. It favors marshes and wet places at lower elevations, often being found in the water.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Echinochloa walteri grows in wet places, often in shallow water and brackish marshes. It is a native species that extends through Mexico to Guatamala. It is found in both disturbed and undisturbed sites although not in rice fields. Occasional specimens of E. walteri with glabrous lower sheaths and short awns can be distinguished from E. crus-pavonis by their less dense panicles.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
1. Lower paleas more than 1/2 as long as the lemmas; panicles usually drooping | E. crus var. crus-pavonis |
1. Lower paleas absent or much less than 1/2 as long as the lemmas; panicles usually stiffly erect | E. crus var. macera |
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