Echinochloa crus-pavonis
Echinochloa oryzoides
guleaf barnyard-grass, gulf barnyard grass, gulf cockspur grass
early barnyard grass, early water grass, rice field barnyard grass
30-150 cm;
nodes glabrous.
40-120 cm, erect, densely tufted;
nodes glabrous.
glabrous, often purplish;
ligules absent;
blades 12-60 cm long, 10-25 mm wide, glabrous.
glabrous;
ligules absent;
blades lax or drooping, 7-20 cm long, 4-12 mm wide, mostly glabrous.
10-30 cm, erect or drooping, nodes sparsely hispid, hairs papillose-based, internodes glabrous;
primary branches to 14 cm, nodes sometimes sparsely hispid, hairs papillose-based, internodes usually glabrous;
secondary branches to 3 cm.
8-17(25) cm, lax, horizontal to strongly drooping, rachis nodes hispid, hairs to 4 mm, papillose-based, internodes glabrous;
primary branches to 5 cm, appressed to the rachises, mostly simple, glabrous or sparsely hispid, hairs to 3.5 mm, papillose-based, particularly at the nodes.
2.5-3.4 mm long, 1.2-1.4 mm wide, disarticulating at maturity.
3.7-7 mm long, 1.9-2.4 mm wide, disarticulating at maturity, broadly ovate to ovate.
1.2-1.5 mm long, 1-1.3 mm wide;
embryos 50-70% as long as the caryopses.
1.9-3 mm, light brown or tan;
embryos 70-85% as long as the caryopses.
glumes subequal to the spikelets;
lower florets sterile;
lower lemmas unawned or awned, awns 3-10(15) mm, curved;
lower paleas absent, vestigial, or well-developed;
upper lemmas narrowly elliptic, not or scarcely exceeding the upper glumes, acute or obtuse, with a well-differentiated, early-withering tip, glabrous or pubescent at the base of the tip, hairs not forming a line across the base;
anthers 0.5-0.7 mm.
glumes usually 1/4 - 2/5 as long as the spikelets, occasionally 1/2 as long or longer;
upper glumes subequal to the spikelets;
lower florets sterile;
lower lemmas similar in size to the spikelet, usually awned, awns to 5 cm;
lower paleas well-developed;
upper lemmas 3.5-4.5 mm, similar in length and width to the upper glumes, broadly elliptic to ovate, with an acute, greenish tip;
anthers to 0.8 mm.
= 36.
= 54.
Echinochloa crus-pavonis
Echinochloa oryzoides
Echinochloa crus-pavonis is a native species found in scattered locations from British Columbia to Arizona, east to Florida, and south into South America. It favors marshes and wet places at lower elevations, often being found in the water.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Echinochloa oryzoides is a common weed of rice fields throughout the world, growing in the flooded portions of the fields. It was included in E. oryzicola by Gould et al. (1972), but it differs in its shorter embryo, lax, strongly drooping panicle, and earlier (June-July) flowering period. This flowering period is also earlier than that of Oryza. In addition, E. oryzoides is usually conspicuously awned, having longer awns than even the awned variants of E. oryzicola, and it is rarely obviously pubescent on the cauline nodes, leaf sheaths, and collars. The earliest known collection of E. oryzoides in the United States was made in 1925 (Barrett and Seaman 1980).
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
1. Lower paleas more than 1/2 as long as the lemmas; panicles usually drooping | E. crus var. crus-pavonis |
1. Lower paleas absent or much less than 1/2 as long as the lemmas; panicles usually stiffly erect | E. crus var. macera |
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