Echinochloa crus-pavonis
Echinochloa oplismenoides
guleaf barnyard-grass, gulf barnyard grass, gulf cockspur grass
Chihuahuan barnyard grass, Chihuahuan cockspur
30-150 cm;
nodes glabrous.
to 100 cm, erect, succulent, glabrous, branching from the lower nodes.
glabrous, often purplish;
ligules absent;
blades 12-60 cm long, 10-25 mm wide, glabrous.
glabrous or hispid with papillose-based hairs;
ligules absent or the ligule region pubescent;
blades 10-35 cm long, 5-10 mm wide.
10-30 cm, erect or drooping, nodes sparsely hispid, hairs papillose-based, internodes glabrous;
primary branches to 14 cm, nodes sometimes sparsely hispid, hairs papillose-based, internodes usually glabrous;
secondary branches to 3 cm.
15-30 cm, narrow;
primary branches appressed to ascending, with papillose-based hairs at the base of the spikelets.
2.5-3.4 mm long, 1.2-1.4 mm wide, disarticulating at maturity.
4-5 mm, disarticulating at maturity.
with hairs over the veins, glabrous, scabrous, or hispid between the veins;
upper glumes about equal to the spikelets, muticous or awned, awns to 1 mm;
lower florets sterile;
lower lemmas unawned or awned, awns 8-16(50) mm;
lower paleas absent or hyaline and subequal to the lemmas;
upper lemmas 4-4.5 mm long, 1.7-1.9 mm wide, elliptic;
anthers 0.5-0.7 mm, purple.
1.2-1.5 mm long, 1-1.3 mm wide;
embryos 50-70% as long as the caryopses.
2.7-2.9 mm long, 1.7-1.8 mm wide, elliptic in outline, mucronate;
embryos about 75% as long as the caryopses;
hila obovate.
glumes subequal to the spikelets;
lower florets sterile;
lower lemmas unawned or awned, awns 3-10(15) mm, curved;
lower paleas absent, vestigial, or well-developed;
upper lemmas narrowly elliptic, not or scarcely exceeding the upper glumes, acute or obtuse, with a well-differentiated, early-withering tip, glabrous or pubescent at the base of the tip, hairs not forming a line across the base;
anthers 0.5-0.7 mm.
= 36.
= unknown.
Echinochloa crus-pavonis
Echinochloa oplismenoides
Echinochloa crus-pavonis is a native species found in scattered locations from British Columbia to Arizona, east to Florida, and south into South America. It favors marshes and wet places at lower elevations, often being found in the water.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Echinochloa oplismenoides was first found in the United States, in southern Arizona, in 1993 (Fishbein 1995). It was previously known only from Mexico, with a range that extends from northwestern Mexico to Guatemala. The southern Arizonan plants were found near a cattle tank in wet grasslands. Fishbein stated that it was impossible to tell whether they represented a previously overlooked native species or an introduction.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
1. Lower paleas more than 1/2 as long as the lemmas; panicles usually drooping | E. crus var. crus-pavonis |
1. Lower paleas absent or much less than 1/2 as long as the lemmas; panicles usually stiffly erect | E. crus var. macera |
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