Echinocereus engelmannii
Echinocereus fendleri
calico cactus, Engelmann's hedgehog cactus, strawberry hedgehog cactus
Fendler's hedgehog cactus, pinkflower hedgehog cactus, strawberry cactus
mostly erect, cylindric or somewhat tapering distally, (5–)14–45(–70) × 3–9 cm;
ribs 10–13, crests slightly undulate;
areoles 6–10(–15) mm apart.
erect or slightly decumbent, ovoid to cylindric with age, 7.5–17(–30) × (3.3–)3.8–7.5(–10) cm;
ribs 8–11(–13), crests uninterrupted or undulate (sometimes depth of sinus between areoles is 90% of rib height in flowering plants with juvenile stem morphology);
areoles (12–)15–17(–25) mm apart.
(8–)15–20 per areole, usually straight (curved and twisted in desert mountains and peninsular ranges of California), individual spines with broad zones of different colors: whitish or grayish, dull golden-yellow, or reddish brown to nearly black;
radial spines 6–14 per areole, 8–20(–50) mm;
central spines (2–)4–6(–9) per areole, divergent-porrect, 12–70 mm, abaxial central spine often fading whitish, flat to sharply angled (terete or nearly so in north-central Arizona).
(2–)4–12(–16) per areole, straight or curved (radial spines sometimes sinuous);
radial spines spreading, opaquely white, commonly with dark stripe on underside, often with contrasting black or brown spines in same areoles (rarely all brown or all white), aging gray;
radial spines (2–)4–10(–12) per areole, (8–)11–39 mm;
central spines (0–)1(–3) per areole, porrect or ascending, if curved, then usually directed upward, (10–)25–42(–62) mm, abaxial central spine like others in color or darker, flat to sharply angled.
6–9 × 5–9 cm;
flower tube 13–30 × 10–30 mm;
flower tube hairs 1 mm;
inner tepals bright rose-pink to magenta, often varying from paler to darker in same population, proximally darker, 37–75 × (8–)14–25 mm, tips relatively thin, delicate;
anthers yellow;
nectar chamber 4–6 mm.
5–11 × 5–11 cm;
flower tube 10–15 × 10–30 mm;
flower tube hairs 1–2 mm;
inner tepals magenta [or nearly white], proximally sometimes darker or purplish maroon, 30–70 × (9.5–)12–15 mm, tips relatively thin and delicate;
anthers yellow;
nectar chamber (2–)3.5–6(–8) mm.
red or orangish, 25–45 mm, pulp whitish becoming infused with pink or red from the skin.
bright red, dull carmine, or purplish maroon, less often orange-tan or purplish orange, 20–30(–50) mm, pulp magenta or red.
= 44.
= 22.
Echinocereus engelmannii
Echinocereus fendleri
The characteristics distinguishing Echinocereus engelmannii from E. fasciculatus to the east are poorly documented, and W. Blum et al. (1998) combined the two as separate subspecies of E. engelmannii. Historically, E. engelmannii has been characterized as having the abaxial central spine in each areole particularly long, pale, and strongly compressed dorsiventrally (sharply angled, hence daggerlike), contrasting with the other spines. In practice that trait is not always diagnostic. Plants called Echinocereus engelmannii var. acicularis L. D. Benson are essentially morphologically and geographically intermediate between those referred to E. fasciculatus and E. engelmannii var. chrysocentrus.
The history of confusion with Echinocereus nicholii has resulted in misidentification of yellow-spined individuals of E. engelmannii.
Spine color polymorphism, common within Echinocereus engelmannii, provided the original basis for varieties chrysocentrus and purpureus. The well-marked, identifiable extremes often occur in populations that include individuals easily assigned to other named varieties, or not assignable to any. L. D. Benson (1969, 1982) and subsequent authors (e.g., N. P. Taylor 1985; W. Blum et al. 1998) have attempted to recognize infraspecific taxa within E. engelmannii. However, one of those is clearly a distinct species (E. nicholii), while the remainder are either too poorly defined or too poorly known to treat fully here. At higher elevations beyond the western edge of the desert, E. engelmannii var. munzii (Parish) P. Pierce & Fosberg has been distinguished by its curving, twisting, gray spines, somewhat resembling spines of westernmost plants of E. triglochidiatus var. mojavensis. Plants of the western Sonoran Desert margin in the Mexican boundary region in California are the typical E. engelmannii var. engelmannii. Similar plants from the opposite, eastern, side of the Sonoran Desert, in Arizona, have been called E. engelmannii var. acicularis L. D. Benson. In the intervening Colorado River Valley is spinier E. engelmannii var. chrysocentrus (Engelmann & J. M. Bigelow) Rümpler. In E. engelmannii var. acicularis at the lowest altitudes, central spines are usually four, in which cases taxonomic segregation from E. engelmannii var. chrysocentrus seems arbitrary. At higher altitudes, plants of E. engelmannii var. acicularis with only one or two central spines per areole are frequent, and the abaxial central spine may be terete instead of angular and daggerlike as in E. engelmannii var. chrysocentrus. The most formidably spiny extremes of the species were segregated as E. engelmannii vars. howei and armatus; however, other individuals in the original populations (type localities) are readily assigned to E. engelmannii var. chrysocentrus. W. Blum et al. (1998) placed all of the above varieties under E. engelmannii subsp. engelmannii.
Plants smaller in all parts and with fewer central spines from north-central Arizona are Echinocereus engelmannii subsp. decumbens (Clover & Jotter) W. Blum & Mich. Lange. L. D. Benson (1969) referred those to var. variegatus (Engelmann & J. M. Bigelow) Rümpler, but the type locality of var. variegatus is in a different region. The status of E. engelmannii var. purpureus L. D. Benson remains uncertain; its similarity to unidentified diploid material found in northern Arizona suggests that it could be a separate species, but more variable than its original diagnosis allowed.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Frequently, some or all spines in each areole of Echinocereus fendleri are opaquely white, especially the lowermost (largest) radial spine, which is frequently strongly flattened (dorsiventrally compressed, its margins expanded and textured spongy or corky). On some immature plants, all the spines are modified in that way, reminiscent of spines of Pediocactus peeblesianus (Croizat) L. D. Benson.
Echinocereus fendleri has an indefinite number of (mostly) unnamed geographic races. One of these, var. rectispinus, of southeastern Arizona has enjoyed undeserved emphasis in the literature; it is often based on misidentifications of tetraploid E. fasciculatus.
The tuberculate stems and sparse, strangely modified spines of immature plants are retained to some extent in adulthood in some populations of Echinocereus fendleri var. fendleri. Such plants superficially resemble Pediocactus peeblesianaus. The name E. fendleri var. kuenzleri (Castetter, P. Pierce & K. H. Schwerin) L. D. Benson and its Mexican counterpart, E. hempelii Fobe, are based mainly on the stem feature. Immature plants of all populations share that distinctive appearance, strikingly different from immature plants of similar or related species, such as E. fasciculatus. In adulthood this convenient diagnostic characteristic is usually lost, rendering identification more difficult. On the Mexican border immature plants in some populations have as few as four spines per areole; they probably are intermediates with the obviously conspecific Chihuahuan taxon, E. hempelii Fobe.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
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