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eastern purple coneflower, purple coneflower

Tennessee purple coneflower

Habit Plants 50–120 cm (roots fibrous). Plants to 50 cm (roots elongate-turbinate, branched).
Herbage

usually hairy (hairs spreading to ascending, to 2 mm), sometimes glabrous.

sparsely to densely hairy (indument relatively soft, hairs spreading, to 2+ mm).

Stems

usually brownish green.

yellowish green becoming tan.

Basal leaves

petioles 0–17(–25) cm;

blades 3- or 5-nerved, ovate to narrowly lanceolate, 5–30 × (1–)5–12 cm, bases usually rounded to cordate, margins usually serrate to dentate, rarely entire.

petioles 2–10 cm;

blades 1- or 3-nerved, linear to lanceolate, 6–12 × 0.7–1.5 cm, bases attenuate, margins entire (usually ciliate).

Peduncles

8–25 cm.

8–25+ cm.

Receptacles

paleae 9–15 mm, tips red-orange, straight or slightly curved, sharp-pointed.

paleae 9–12 mm, tips purple, 2–3 mm, often incurved, rounded to acute.

Ray corollas

pink to purple, laminae spreading to recurved, 30–80 × 7–19 mm, sparsely hairy abaxially.

pink to purplish, laminae spreading to reflexed, 20–40 × 3–4 mm, moderately hairy abaxially.

Disc corollas

4.5–5.7 mm, lobes greenish to pink or purple.

5.5–6.5 mm, lobes usually purple.

Phyllaries

linear to lanceolate, 8–17 × 1–8 mm.

lanceolate to ovate, 5–10 × 1.5–2.5 mm.

Cypselae

off-white, 3.5–5 mm, usually glabrous (ray cypselae sometimes hairy on angles);

pappi ca. 1.2 mm (teeth equal).

tan, 4–5 mm, faces smooth, glabrous;

pappi to ca. 1.2 mm (major teeth 0–4).

Discs

conic, 14–45 × 20–40 mm.

conic, 10–25 × 15–25 mm.

2n

= 22.

= 22.

Echinacea purpurea

Echinacea tennesseensis

Phenology Flowering late spring–summer. Flowering in summer.
Habitat Rocky, open woods, thickets, prairies, especially near waterways Dry, rocky hills, barrens
Elevation 10–400+ m (0–1300+ ft) 100–200 m (300–700 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MO; MS; NC; OH; OK; TN; TX; WI; ON
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
TN
Discussion

Echinacea purpurea is introduced in Ontario. It and cultivars derived from it are extensively grown ornamentals in gardens, wildflower roadside plantings, and prairie restoration sites. Because of its popularity as an herbal remedy, it is also grown commercially. As a result of such activities, naturalized and persisting populations may extend the natural range of E. purpurea. Selections used for such plantings may differ from native forms.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Of conservation concern.

Echinacea tennesseensis is in the Center for Plant Conservation’s National Collection of Endangered Plants.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 21, p. 91. FNA vol. 21, p. 92.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Ecliptinae > Echinacea Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Ecliptinae > Echinacea
Sibling taxa
E. angustifolia, E. atrorubens, E. laevigata, E. pallida, E. paradoxa, E. sanguinea, E. simulata, E. tennesseensis
E. angustifolia, E. atrorubens, E. laevigata, E. pallida, E. paradoxa, E. purpurea, E. sanguinea, E. simulata
Synonyms Rudbeckia purpurea Brauneria tennesseensis, E. pallida var. tennesseensis
Name authority (Linnaeus) Moench: Methodus, 591. (1794) (Beadle) Small: Man. S.E. Fl., 1421, 1509. (1933)
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