Echinacea paradoxa |
Echinacea |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bush's purple coneflower, yellow coneflower |
purple coneflower |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habit | Plants to 90 cm (roots fusiform to elongate-turbinate, branched). | Perennials, to 140 cm (caudices vertical or horizontal; plants usually taprooted, fibrous rooted in E. purpurea). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Herbage | sparsely to densely hairy (hairs appressed to ascending). |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | usually yellowish green (usually not branched). |
erect, unbranched or ± branched (glabrous or hairy, hairs appressed, ascending, or spreading, uniseriate). |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Leaves | basal and cauline; alternate; petiolate (at least basal and proximal cauline, petioles progressively shorter distally); blades (1-, 3-, or 5-nerved) linear to lanceolate or elliptic to ovate (distal smaller), bases mostly attenuate (decurrent on petioles) to cuneate, sometimes rounded or cordate, margins usually entire, sometimes dentate or serrate, faces usually hairy (hairs uniseriate, usually with 1–4 rings of cells surrounding bases), sometimes glabrate or glabrous. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Basal leaves | petioles 0–15 cm; blades (3-) or 5-nerved, usually linear or lanceolate, rarely ovate, 5–35 × 0.5–2(–2.5) cm, bases usually attenuate, margins entire (usually ciliate). |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Peduncles | (2–)10–30 cm. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Involucres | crateriform to hemispheric, 12–40 mm diam. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Receptacles | paleae 10–14 mm, tips red to orange, often incurved, sharp-pointed. |
hemispheric to conic, paleate (paleae orange to reddish purple distally, surpassing disc corollas, bases partially surrounding cypselae, bodies keeled, apices abruptly constricted to awnlike tips; discs 10–45 × 15–40 mm). |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ray florets/ |
yellow (var. paradoxa) or pinkish to white (var. neglecta), laminae reflexed, 30–70 × 3–8 mm, sparsely hairy abaxially. |
8–21, neuter; corollas dark purple to pale pink, white, or yellow (tubes glabrous or sparsely hairy, laminae spreading, reflexed, or drooping, linear to elliptic or obovate, abaxial faces glabrous or moderately hairy). |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Disc florets/ |
4.5–6.2 mm, lobes pinkish to yellowish. |
200–300+, bisexual, fertile; corollas pinkish, greenish, reddish purple, or yellow, tubes shorter than throats (often sparsely hairy), lobes 5 (erect or spreading to recurved), triangular (pollen usually yellow, usually white in E. pallida). |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Phyllaries | lanceolate to ovate, 7–12 × 1–4 mm. |
persistent, 15–50 in 2–4 series (spreading, recurved, or reflexed, linear or lanceolate to ovate, subequal to unequal, mostly herbaceous, apices mostly attenuate, abaxial faces usually hairy, sometimes glabrate or glabrous). |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Heads | radiate, borne singly (on relatively long peduncles). |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cypselae | tan or bicolored (with distal dark brown band), 4–5.5 mm, faces ± tuberculate, usually glabrous (angles of ray cypselae hairy distally in var. neglecta); pappi to ca. 1.2 mm (major teeth 0–4). |
(tan or bicolored with dark brown band distally) 3- or 4-angled (faces smooth to finely tuberculate, glabrous or sparsely hairy); pappi persistent, ± coroniform (with 0–4 ± prominent teeth). |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Discs | ovoid to conic, 2–3.5 × 2–3.5 cm. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
x | = 11. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Echinacea paradoxa |
Echinacea |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AR; MO; OK; TX
|
e North America; c North America |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species 9 (9 in the flora). In keys and descriptions, “discs” refers to receptacles at late flowering with paleae and florets included in assessing shapes and in measurements of lengths and diameters. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Key |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Source | FNA vol. 21, p. 90. | FNA vol. 21, p. 88. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Ecliptinae > Echinacea | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Ecliptinae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | Brauneria paradoxa | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | (Norton) Britton: in N. L. Britton and A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. ed. 2, 3: 476. (1913) | Moench: Methodus, 591. (1794) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |