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wormseed

fetid glandular-goosefoot, fetid goosefoot

Habit Plants annual.
Stems

erect to ascending, branched, 3.7–7.5(–10) dm, ± glandular-pubescent, puberulent, or glabrate.

erect, 2.3–5.2 dm, sparsely pubescent with short hairs, these rarely with gland heads.

Leaves

malodorous, distal leaves sessile;

petiole 1.4 mm;

blade narrowly ovate to lanceolate, 5–7 × 1.5–3 cm, base cuneate, margins dentate with large, widely spaced teeth, apex acute, gland-dotted (rarely nearly glabrous).

aromatic;

petiole to 1.3 mm;

blade 1.7–4.5 × 0.7–2.6 cm, base cuneate, margins pinnatifid or entire (in distal leaves), apex acute to acuminate, mucronate, with sessile glands adaxially.

Inflorescences

terminal and lateral spikes or panicles, 3–8 cm;

glomerules globose, 2.5–3.3 mm diam.;

bracts absent or leaflike, linear, to 2.2 mm, apex acute.

terminal compound cymes, 8.5–22 cm;

bracts leaflike, lanceolate, 2.1–10.3 × 0.1–0.6 mm, generally absent in fruit.

Flowers

perianth segments 5, connate for ca. 1/2 their length, distinct portion ovate, 0.7 mm, apex obtuse, rounded abaxially, glabrous, covering fruit at maturity;

stamens 5;

stigmas 3.

perianth segments 5, distinct nearly to base, distinct portion ovate, with large single tubercle abaxially near apex, 0.5–0.7 × 0.35–0.6 mm, apex acuminate, with sessile golden glands, covering seed at maturity;

stamens 1(–2);

stigmas 2.

Achenes

ovoid;

pericarp nonadherent, smooth, glandular.

subglobose;

pericarp adherent, membranaceous, papillose, becoming rugose, usually white-blotchy.

Seeds

horizontal or vertical, reddish brown, ovoid, 0.6–0.8 × 0.8–1 mm;

seed coat smooth.

subglobose, 0.6–0.9 × 0.5–0.7 mm, margins rimmed;

seed coat rugose.

Dysphania anthelmintica

Dysphania graveolens

Phenology Fruiting summer–fall. Fruiting late summer–fall.
Habitat Sand dunes, pinelands, meadows, roadsides, and other waste areas In shade of pines and junipers or occasionally in open dry plains, ridge tops, or in waste areas in the east
Elevation 0-1100 m (0-3600 ft) 900-2800 m (3000-9200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CA; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; TX; VA; WV; Mexico; Central America; West Indies; Bermuda
from FNA
AZ; CO; LA; MA; ME; NM; NY; TX; UT; Mexico; Central America (Guatemala)
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[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Dysphania anthelmintica is cultivated and locally naturalized elsewhere in the world. It is reported to not have leaves (pseudobracts) subtending the glomerules. In fact, it usually has very reduced leaflike bracts that are never longer than the glomerules. This species appears to be the most common representative along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts and is probably native to that region.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Western populations of Dysphania graveolens are native while those populations in the eastern part of the continent are considered introduced.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 4, p. 270. FNA vol. 4, p. 273.
Parent taxa Chenopodiaceae > Dysphania > sect. Adenois Chenopodiaceae > Dysphania > sect. Botryoides > subsect. Incisa
Sibling taxa
D. ambrosioides, D. aristata, D. botrys, D. carinata, D. chilensis, D. cristata, D. graveolens, D. multifida, D. pumilio
D. ambrosioides, D. anthelmintica, D. aristata, D. botrys, D. carinata, D. chilensis, D. cristata, D. multifida, D. pumilio
Synonyms Chenopodium anthelminticum, Chenopodium ambrosioides var. anthelminticum Chenopodium graveolens, Chenopodium incisum, Teloxys graveolens
Name authority (Linnaeus) Mosyakin & Clemants: Ukrayins’k. Bot. Zhur n., n. s. 59: 382. (2002) (Willdenow) Mosyakin & Clemants: in & Clemants, Ukrayins’k. Bot. Zhurn., n. s. 59: 383. (2002)
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