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wormseed

Chilean wormseed

Habit Plants annual. Plants annual.
Stems

erect to ascending, branched, 3.7–7.5(–10) dm, ± glandular-pubescent, puberulent, or glabrate.

erect to ascending, branched, 4–6 dm, ± glandular-pubescent, white-villous.

Leaves

malodorous, distal leaves sessile;

petiole 1.4 mm;

blade narrowly ovate to lanceolate, 5–7 × 1.5–3 cm, base cuneate, margins dentate with large, widely spaced teeth, apex acute, gland-dotted (rarely nearly glabrous).

aromatic, distal leaves sessile;

petiole 2–2.5 mm;

blade lanceolate, 2–9 × 0.5–4 cm, base cuneate, margins of distal leaves shallowly dentate to sinuate-pinnatifid, apex acuminate, villous and copiously gland-dotted (rarely nearly glabrous).

Inflorescences

terminal and lateral spikes or panicles, 3–8 cm;

glomerules globose, 2.5–3.3 mm diam.;

bracts absent or leaflike, linear, to 2.2 mm, apex acute.

terminal and axillary spikes, 3–15 cm;

glomerules globose, 1.7–2.3 mm diam.;

bracts leaflike, narrowly ovate, 1–1.8 cm, apex acuminate.

Flowers

perianth segments 5, connate for ca. 1/2 their length, distinct portion ovate, 0.7 mm, apex obtuse, rounded abaxially, glabrous, covering fruit at maturity;

stamens 5;

stigmas 3.

perianth segments 5, connate for ca. 1/2 their length, distinct portion ovate, 0.7–1 mm, apex obtuse, rounded abaxially, villous, covering fruit at maturity;

stamens 5;

stigmas 3.

Achenes

ovoid;

pericarp nonadherent, smooth, glandular.

ovoid;

pericarp nonadherent, glandular.

Seeds

horizontal or vertical, reddish brown, ovoid, 0.6–0.8 × 0.8–1 mm;

seed coat smooth.

vertical, black, ovoid, 0.5–0.8 × 0.8 mm;

seed coat smooth.

Dysphania anthelmintica

Dysphania chilensis

Phenology Fruiting summer–fall. Fruiting summer–fall.
Habitat Sand dunes, pinelands, meadows, roadsides, and other waste areas Waste areas
Elevation 0-1100 m (0-3600 ft) 0-100 m (0-300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CA; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; TX; VA; WV; Mexico; Central America; West Indies; Bermuda
from FNA
CA; OR; native to s South America [Introduced in North America]
Discussion

Dysphania anthelmintica is cultivated and locally naturalized elsewhere in the world. It is reported to not have leaves (pseudobracts) subtending the glomerules. In fact, it usually has very reduced leaflike bracts that are never longer than the glomerules. This species appears to be the most common representative along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts and is probably native to that region.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 4, p. 270. FNA vol. 4, p. 270.
Parent taxa Chenopodiaceae > Dysphania > sect. Adenois Chenopodiaceae > Dysphania > sect. Adenois
Sibling taxa
D. ambrosioides, D. aristata, D. botrys, D. carinata, D. chilensis, D. cristata, D. graveolens, D. multifida, D. pumilio
D. ambrosioides, D. anthelmintica, D. aristata, D. botrys, D. carinata, D. cristata, D. graveolens, D. multifida, D. pumilio
Synonyms Chenopodium anthelminticum, Chenopodium ambrosioides var. anthelminticum Chenopodium chilense, Chenopodium ambrosioides var. chilense, Chenopodium ambrosioides var. vagans
Name authority (Linnaeus) Mosyakin & Clemants: Ukrayins’k. Bot. Zhur n., n. s. 59: 382. (2002) (Schrader) Mosyakin & Clemants: Ukrayins’k. Bot. Zhurn., n. s. 59: 382. (2002)
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