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epazote, Mexican-tea, worm-seed

cut-leaf glandular-goosefoot, cut-leaf goosefoot, many-cleft goosefoot, small-leaf worm-seed

Habit Plants annual. Plants perennial (possibly annual in some parts of its range).
Stems

erect to ascending, much-branched, 3–10(–15) dm, ± glandular-pubescent.

prostrate or ascending, much-branched, 1.5–7 dm, densely puberulent.

Leaves

aromatic, distal leaves sessile;

petiole to 18 mm;

blade ovate to oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, proximal ones mostly lanceolate, 2–8(–12) × 0.5–4(–5.5) cm, base cuneate, margins entire, dentate, or laciniate, apex obtuse to attenuate, copiously gland-dotted (rarely glabrous).

nonaromatic;

petiole absent or indistinguishable from blade;

blade oblong to elliptic, 0.6–4.5 × 0.1–1(–2) cm, base narrowly cuneate, margins deeply and irregularly pinnatifid with narrow, linear lobes, sometimes only dentate, apex acute to obtuse, glandular-pubescent abaxially.

Inflorescences

lateral spikes, 3–7 cm;

glomerules globose, 1.5–2.3 mm diam.;

bracts leaflike, lanceolate, oblanceolate, spatulate, or linear, 0.3–2.5 cm, apex obtuse, acute, or attenuate.

lateral glomerules 1.8–3.5 mm diam.;

bracts similar to cauline leaves.

Flowers

perianth segments 4–5, connate for ca. 1/2 their length, distinct portion ovate, rounded abaxially, 0.7–1 mm, apex obtuse, glandular-pubescent, covering seed at maturity;

stamens 4–5;

stigmas 3.

perianth segments (4–)5, connate for most of their length, urceolate, tube with distinct reticulate veins, distinct portion 0.1–0.5 mm, margins dentate, apex rounded to broadly acute, accrescent and coriaceous with age, enclosing fruit;

stamens 5;

stigmas (2–)3(–5).

Seeds

horizontal or vertical, reddish brown, ovoid, 0.6–1 × 0.4–0.5 mm;

seed coat rugose to smooth.

vertical, suborbicular to ovoid, 0.8–1.3 × 0.8–1 mm;

seed coat smooth.

Achenes

ovoid;

pericarp nonadherent, rugose to smooth.

obovoid;

pericarp loosely adherent, membranaceous, with many yellow glandular hairs near apex, otherwise smooth.

Dysphania ambrosioides

Dysphania multifida

Phenology Fruiting summer–fall. Fruiting mid summer–late fall.
Habitat River bottoms, dry lake beds, flower beds, waste areas Waste ground, sandy shores and ballast dumps near coast
Elevation 0-700 m [0-2300 ft] 0-700 m [0-2300 ft]
Distribution
map from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; ON; QC; native to North America and South America; widely naturalized throughout the tropics and warm-temperate regions of the world
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
map from FNA
CA; FL; GA; MA; NJ; NY; OR; PA; SC; VA; South America [Introduced in North America; introduced widely throughout the tropical and warm-temperate regions of world]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Southern populations of Dysphania ambrosioides are native while those populations in the northern part of the flora area are introduced.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Parent taxa Chenopodiaceae > Dysphania > sect. Adenois Chenopodiaceae > Dysphania > sect. Adenois
Sibling taxa
D. anthelmintica, D. aristata, D. botrys, D. carinata, D. chilensis, D. cristata, D. graveolens, D. multifida, D. pumilio
D. ambrosioides, D. anthelmintica, D. aristata, D. botrys, D. carinata, D. chilensis, D. cristata, D. graveolens, D. pumilio
Synonyms Chenopodium ambrosioides, Chenopodium ambrosioides var. suffruticosum, Teloxys ambrosioides Chenopodium multifidum, Roubieva multifida, Teloxys multifida
Name authority (Linnaeus) Mosyakin & Clemants: Ukrayins’k. Bot. Zhurn., n. s. 59: 382. (2002) (Linnaeus) Mosyakin & Clemants: Ukrayins’k. Bot. Zhurn., n. s. 59: 382. (2002)
Source FNA vol. 4, p. 270. Treatment authors: Steven E. Clemants, Sergei L. Mosyakin. FNA vol. 4, p. 271. Treatment authors: Steven E. Clemants, Sergei L. Mosyakin.
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