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epazote, Mexican-tea, worm-seed

wormseed

Habit Plants annual.
Stems

erect to ascending, much-branched, 3–10(–15) dm, ± glandular-pubescent.

erect, [very bushy-branched] profusely branched from base to ± simple, [0.4–]0.7–2.5[–5] dm, glabrous or with scattered inflated hairs and uniseriate nonglandular trichomes, especially towards base.

Leaves

aromatic, distal leaves sessile;

petiole to 18 mm;

blade ovate to oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, proximal ones mostly lanceolate, 2–8(–12) × 0.5–4(–5.5) cm, base cuneate, margins entire, dentate, or laciniate, apex obtuse to attenuate, copiously gland-dotted (rarely glabrous).

non-aromatic;

petiole to 0.4 mm;

blade [0.8–]2.8–3.4[–4.1] × 0.1–0.3[–0.6] cm, base attenuate, margins entire (to occasionally shallowly erose-dentate), apex acute, mucronate, glabrous adaxially.

Inflorescences

lateral spikes, 3–7 cm;

glomerules globose, 1.5–2.3 mm diam.;

bracts leaflike, lanceolate, oblanceolate, spatulate, or linear, 0.3–2.5 cm, apex obtuse, acute, or attenuate.

a terminal thyrse, 2.2–4.5[–13] cm, or lax, pyramidal cymes, bearing flowers almost from base;

bracts absent.

Flowers

perianth segments 4–5, connate for ca. 1/2 their length, distinct portion ovate, rounded abaxially, 0.7–1 mm, apex obtuse, glandular-pubescent, covering seed at maturity;

stamens 4–5;

stigmas 3.

perianth segments 5, distinct nearly to base, distinct portions obovate to elliptic or ovate, with low tubercle or sometimes keeled abaxially, 0.5–0.7 × 0.3–0.4 mm, apex obtuse to subacute, glabrous, loosely covering fruit at maturity;

stamens 5 (or absent in pistillate flowers in distal portion of inflorescence);

stigmas 2.

Seeds

horizontal or vertical, reddish brown, ovoid, 0.6–1 × 0.4–0.5 mm;

seed coat rugose to smooth.

subglobose, 0.5–0.8 × 0.4–0.5 mm, margins rimmed;

seed coat smooth.

Achenes

ovoid;

pericarp nonadherent, rugose to smooth.

subglobose;

pericarp adherent, membranaceous, finely granular.

Dysphania ambrosioides

Dysphania aristata

Phenology Fruiting summer–fall. Fruiting late summer–fall.
Habitat River bottoms, dry lake beds, flower beds, waste areas Waste areas, sandy soils
Elevation 0-700 m [0-2300 ft] 0-500 m [0-1600 ft]
Distribution
map from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; ON; QC; native to North America and South America; widely naturalized throughout the tropics and warm-temperate regions of the world
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
map from FNA
MI; NY; native to Asia [Introduced in North America; introduced in s, se Europe]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Southern populations of Dysphania ambrosioides are native while those populations in the northern part of the flora area are introduced.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Parent taxa Chenopodiaceae > Dysphania > sect. Adenois Chenopodiaceae > Dysphania > sect. Botryoides > subsect. Teloxys
Sibling taxa
D. anthelmintica, D. aristata, D. botrys, D. carinata, D. chilensis, D. cristata, D. graveolens, D. multifida, D. pumilio
D. ambrosioides, D. anthelmintica, D. botrys, D. carinata, D. chilensis, D. cristata, D. graveolens, D. multifida, D. pumilio
Synonyms Chenopodium ambrosioides, Chenopodium ambrosioides var. suffruticosum, Teloxys ambrosioides Chenopodium aristatum
Name authority (Linnaeus) Mosyakin & Clemants: Ukrayins’k. Bot. Zhurn., n. s. 59: 382. (2002) (Linnaeus) Mosyakin & Clemants: Ukrayins’k. Bot. Zhurn., n. s. 59: 383. (2002)
Source FNA vol. 4, p. 270. Treatment authors: Steven E. Clemants, Sergei L. Mosyakin. FNA vol. 4, p. 273. Treatment authors: Steven E. Clemants, Sergei L. Mosyakin.
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