Dysphania ambrosioides |
Dysphania sect. Adenois |
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epazote, Mexican-tea, worm-seed |
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Habit | Plants annual. | Plants annual or perennial. |
Stems | erect to ascending, much-branched, 3–10(–15) dm, ± glandular-pubescent. |
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Leaves | aromatic, distal leaves sessile; petiole to 18 mm; blade ovate to oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, proximal ones mostly lanceolate, 2–8(–12) × 0.5–4(–5.5) cm, base cuneate, margins entire, dentate, or laciniate, apex obtuse to attenuate, copiously gland-dotted (rarely glabrous). |
blades with margins entire to pinnatifid. |
Inflorescences | lateral spikes, 3–7 cm; glomerules globose, 1.5–2.3 mm diam.; bracts leaflike, lanceolate, oblanceolate, spatulate, or linear, 0.3–2.5 cm, apex obtuse, acute, or attenuate. |
linear-spicate or spicate-paniculate, ± foliose with flowers clustered in dense glomerules. |
Flowers | perianth segments 4–5, connate for ca. 1/2 their length, distinct portion ovate, rounded abaxially, 0.7–1 mm, apex obtuse, glandular-pubescent, covering seed at maturity; stamens 4–5; stigmas 3. |
perianth segments (3–)4–5, connate basally; stamens 4–5; styles (2–)3(–5). |
Achenes | ovoid; pericarp nonadherent, rugose to smooth. |
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Seeds | horizontal or vertical, reddish brown, ovoid, 0.6–1 × 0.4–0.5 mm; seed coat rugose to smooth. |
mostly horizontal (vertical in D. chilensis, sometimes vertical in D. ambrosioides and D. anthelmintica). |
Dysphania ambrosioides |
Dysphania sect. Adenois |
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Phenology | Fruiting summer–fall. | |
Habitat | River bottoms, dry lake beds, flower beds, waste areas | |
Elevation | 0-700 m (0-2300 ft) | |
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; ON; QC; native to North America and South America; widely naturalized throughout the tropics and warm-temperate regions of the world
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Native to South and Central America (now nearly worldwide from tropics to warm-temperate regions) |
Discussion | Southern populations of Dysphania ambrosioides are native while those populations in the northern part of the flora area are introduced. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species 14 or 15 (4 in the flora). Several researchers have treated this section as having a single, highly polymorphic species, Dysphania ambrosioides sensu lato (Chenopodium ambrosioides). Others recognize between two and twelve species (P. Aellen 1929, 1960–1961; P. Aellen and T. Just 1943; V. N. Voroschilov 1942; L. E. Simón 1996, 1997; L. Giusti 1997). We feel that the following four species represent good taxa. There are additional taxa or variations in North America that have not been accounted for here. In particular, the variation in leaf and bract shape and bract size have not been fully recognized. Most of this variation would fall within our concept of D. ambrosioides. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 4, p. 270. | FNA vol. 4, p. 269. |
Parent taxa | Chenopodiaceae > Dysphania > sect. Adenois | Chenopodiaceae > Dysphania |
Sibling taxa | ||
Subordinate taxa | ||
Synonyms | Chenopodium ambrosioides, Chenopodium ambrosioides var. suffruticosum, Teloxys ambrosioides | Ambrina section Adenois |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Mosyakin & Clemants: Ukrayins’k. Bot. Zhurn., n. s. 59: 382. (2002) | (Moquin-Tandon) Mosyakin & Clemants: Ukrayins’k. Bot. Zhurn., n. s. 59: 382. (2002) |
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