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epazote, Mexican-tea, worm-seed

fetid glandular-goosefoot, fetid goosefoot

Habit Plants annual.
Stems

erect to ascending, much-branched, 3–10(–15) dm, ± glandular-pubescent.

erect, 2.3–5.2 dm, sparsely pubescent with short hairs, these rarely with gland heads.

Leaves

aromatic, distal leaves sessile;

petiole to 18 mm;

blade ovate to oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, proximal ones mostly lanceolate, 2–8(–12) × 0.5–4(–5.5) cm, base cuneate, margins entire, dentate, or laciniate, apex obtuse to attenuate, copiously gland-dotted (rarely glabrous).

aromatic;

petiole to 1.3 mm;

blade 1.7–4.5 × 0.7–2.6 cm, base cuneate, margins pinnatifid or entire (in distal leaves), apex acute to acuminate, mucronate, with sessile glands adaxially.

Inflorescences

lateral spikes, 3–7 cm;

glomerules globose, 1.5–2.3 mm diam.;

bracts leaflike, lanceolate, oblanceolate, spatulate, or linear, 0.3–2.5 cm, apex obtuse, acute, or attenuate.

terminal compound cymes, 8.5–22 cm;

bracts leaflike, lanceolate, 2.1–10.3 × 0.1–0.6 mm, generally absent in fruit.

Flowers

perianth segments 4–5, connate for ca. 1/2 their length, distinct portion ovate, rounded abaxially, 0.7–1 mm, apex obtuse, glandular-pubescent, covering seed at maturity;

stamens 4–5;

stigmas 3.

perianth segments 5, distinct nearly to base, distinct portion ovate, with large single tubercle abaxially near apex, 0.5–0.7 × 0.35–0.6 mm, apex acuminate, with sessile golden glands, covering seed at maturity;

stamens 1(–2);

stigmas 2.

Achenes

ovoid;

pericarp nonadherent, rugose to smooth.

subglobose;

pericarp adherent, membranaceous, papillose, becoming rugose, usually white-blotchy.

Seeds

horizontal or vertical, reddish brown, ovoid, 0.6–1 × 0.4–0.5 mm;

seed coat rugose to smooth.

subglobose, 0.6–0.9 × 0.5–0.7 mm, margins rimmed;

seed coat rugose.

Dysphania ambrosioides

Dysphania graveolens

Phenology Fruiting summer–fall. Fruiting late summer–fall.
Habitat River bottoms, dry lake beds, flower beds, waste areas In shade of pines and junipers or occasionally in open dry plains, ridge tops, or in waste areas in the east
Elevation 0-700 m (0-2300 ft) 900-2800 m (3000-9200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; ON; QC; native to North America and South America; widely naturalized throughout the tropics and warm-temperate regions of the world
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CO; LA; MA; ME; NM; NY; TX; UT; Mexico; Central America (Guatemala)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Southern populations of Dysphania ambrosioides are native while those populations in the northern part of the flora area are introduced.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Western populations of Dysphania graveolens are native while those populations in the eastern part of the continent are considered introduced.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 4, p. 270. FNA vol. 4, p. 273.
Parent taxa Chenopodiaceae > Dysphania > sect. Adenois Chenopodiaceae > Dysphania > sect. Botryoides > subsect. Incisa
Sibling taxa
D. anthelmintica, D. aristata, D. botrys, D. carinata, D. chilensis, D. cristata, D. graveolens, D. multifida, D. pumilio
D. ambrosioides, D. anthelmintica, D. aristata, D. botrys, D. carinata, D. chilensis, D. cristata, D. multifida, D. pumilio
Synonyms Chenopodium ambrosioides, Chenopodium ambrosioides var. suffruticosum, Teloxys ambrosioides Chenopodium graveolens, Chenopodium incisum, Teloxys graveolens
Name authority (Linnaeus) Mosyakin & Clemants: Ukrayins’k. Bot. Zhurn., n. s. 59: 382. (2002) (Willdenow) Mosyakin & Clemants: in & Clemants, Ukrayins’k. Bot. Zhurn., n. s. 59: 383. (2002)
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