Dysphania ambrosioides |
Dysphania graveolens |
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epazote, Mexican-tea, worm-seed |
fetid glandular-goosefoot, fetid goosefoot |
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Habit | Plants annual. | |
Stems | erect to ascending, much-branched, 3–10(–15) dm, ± glandular-pubescent. |
erect, 2.3–5.2 dm, sparsely pubescent with short hairs, these rarely with gland heads. |
Leaves | aromatic, distal leaves sessile; petiole to 18 mm; blade ovate to oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, proximal ones mostly lanceolate, 2–8(–12) × 0.5–4(–5.5) cm, base cuneate, margins entire, dentate, or laciniate, apex obtuse to attenuate, copiously gland-dotted (rarely glabrous). |
aromatic; petiole to 1.3 mm; blade 1.7–4.5 × 0.7–2.6 cm, base cuneate, margins pinnatifid or entire (in distal leaves), apex acute to acuminate, mucronate, with sessile glands adaxially. |
Inflorescences | lateral spikes, 3–7 cm; glomerules globose, 1.5–2.3 mm diam.; bracts leaflike, lanceolate, oblanceolate, spatulate, or linear, 0.3–2.5 cm, apex obtuse, acute, or attenuate. |
terminal compound cymes, 8.5–22 cm; bracts leaflike, lanceolate, 2.1–10.3 × 0.1–0.6 mm, generally absent in fruit. |
Flowers | perianth segments 4–5, connate for ca. 1/2 their length, distinct portion ovate, rounded abaxially, 0.7–1 mm, apex obtuse, glandular-pubescent, covering seed at maturity; stamens 4–5; stigmas 3. |
perianth segments 5, distinct nearly to base, distinct portion ovate, with large single tubercle abaxially near apex, 0.5–0.7 × 0.35–0.6 mm, apex acuminate, with sessile golden glands, covering seed at maturity; stamens 1(–2); stigmas 2. |
Achenes | ovoid; pericarp nonadherent, rugose to smooth. |
subglobose; pericarp adherent, membranaceous, papillose, becoming rugose, usually white-blotchy. |
Seeds | horizontal or vertical, reddish brown, ovoid, 0.6–1 × 0.4–0.5 mm; seed coat rugose to smooth. |
subglobose, 0.6–0.9 × 0.5–0.7 mm, margins rimmed; seed coat rugose. |
Dysphania ambrosioides |
Dysphania graveolens |
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Phenology | Fruiting summer–fall. | Fruiting late summer–fall. |
Habitat | River bottoms, dry lake beds, flower beds, waste areas | In shade of pines and junipers or occasionally in open dry plains, ridge tops, or in waste areas in the east |
Elevation | 0-700 m (0-2300 ft) | 900-2800 m (3000-9200 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; ON; QC; native to North America and South America; widely naturalized throughout the tropics and warm-temperate regions of the world
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AZ; CO; LA; MA; ME; NM; NY; TX; UT; Mexico; Central America (Guatemala)
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Discussion | Southern populations of Dysphania ambrosioides are native while those populations in the northern part of the flora area are introduced. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Western populations of Dysphania graveolens are native while those populations in the eastern part of the continent are considered introduced. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 4, p. 270. | FNA vol. 4, p. 273. |
Parent taxa | Chenopodiaceae > Dysphania > sect. Adenois | Chenopodiaceae > Dysphania > sect. Botryoides > subsect. Incisa |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Chenopodium ambrosioides, Chenopodium ambrosioides var. suffruticosum, Teloxys ambrosioides | Chenopodium graveolens, Chenopodium incisum, Teloxys graveolens |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Mosyakin & Clemants: Ukrayins’k. Bot. Zhurn., n. s. 59: 382. (2002) | (Willdenow) Mosyakin & Clemants: in & Clemants, Ukrayins’k. Bot. Zhurn., n. s. 59: 383. (2002) |
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