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epazote, Mexican-tea, worm-seed

keel wormseed

Habit Plants annual.
Stems

erect to ascending, much-branched, 3–10(–15) dm, ± glandular-pubescent.

erect to ascending, branched, 3–5.5 dm, pilose with glandular trichomes or sessile glands.

Leaves

aromatic, distal leaves sessile;

petiole to 18 mm;

blade ovate to oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, proximal ones mostly lanceolate, 2–8(–12) × 0.5–4(–5.5) cm, base cuneate, margins entire, dentate, or laciniate, apex obtuse to attenuate, copiously gland-dotted (rarely glabrous).

aromatic;

petiole 0.5–1.4 cm;

blade ovate to broadly ovate, 0.9–1.6 × 0.8–1.4 cm, somewhat reduced in inflorescence, base cuneate to truncate, apex acute, glandular-puberulose and pilosulose on veins.

Inflorescences

lateral spikes, 3–7 cm;

glomerules globose, 1.5–2.3 mm diam.;

bracts leaflike, lanceolate, oblanceolate, spatulate, or linear, 0.3–2.5 cm, apex obtuse, acute, or attenuate.

axillary glomerules;

glomerules subglobose, 1.5–2.5 mm diam.;

bracts leaflike, ovate, 3–5 mm, margins crenate-dentate, apex acute.

Flowers

perianth segments 4–5, connate for ca. 1/2 their length, distinct portion ovate, rounded abaxially, 0.7–1 mm, apex obtuse, glandular-pubescent, covering seed at maturity;

stamens 4–5;

stigmas 3.

perianth segments 5, distinct nearly to base, distinct portions narrow-oblong, prominently keeled especially apically, 0.8–0.9 × 0.3–0.4 mm, apex acute, not crested, covered with septate hairs, becoming coriaceous and white in fruit;

stamens absent or 1;

stigmas 2.

Achenes

ovoid;

pericarp nonadherent, rugose to smooth.

ovoid;

pericarp adherent, membranaceous, slightly rugose.

Seeds

horizontal or vertical, reddish brown, ovoid, 0.6–1 × 0.4–0.5 mm;

seed coat rugose to smooth.

reddish brown, ovoid, 0.6 × 0.3–0.4 mm, margins keeled over radicle and channeled over cotyledons;

seed coat smooth.

Dysphania ambrosioides

Dysphania carinata

Phenology Fruiting summer–fall. Fruiting fall.
Habitat River bottoms, dry lake beds, flower beds, waste areas Waste areas on roadsides, sandy soils
Elevation 0-700 m (0-2300 ft) 10-100 m (0-300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; ON; QC; native to North America and South America; widely naturalized throughout the tropics and warm-temperate regions of the world
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; TX; native to Australia [Introduced in North America]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Southern populations of Dysphania ambrosioides are native while those populations in the northern part of the flora area are introduced.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 4, p. 270. FNA vol. 4, p. 274.
Parent taxa Chenopodiaceae > Dysphania > sect. Adenois Chenopodiaceae > Dysphania > sect. Orthospora
Sibling taxa
D. anthelmintica, D. aristata, D. botrys, D. carinata, D. chilensis, D. cristata, D. graveolens, D. multifida, D. pumilio
D. ambrosioides, D. anthelmintica, D. aristata, D. botrys, D. chilensis, D. cristata, D. graveolens, D. multifida, D. pumilio
Synonyms Chenopodium ambrosioides, Chenopodium ambrosioides var. suffruticosum, Teloxys ambrosioides Chenopodium carinatum
Name authority (Linnaeus) Mosyakin & Clemants: Ukrayins’k. Bot. Zhurn., n. s. 59: 382. (2002) (R. Brown) Mosyakin & Clemants: Ukrayins’k. Bot. Zhurn., n. s. 59: 382. (2002)
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