Dudleya lanceolata
Dudleya subg. Dudleya
lance-leaf dudleya, lanceleaf liveforever, Southern California dudleya
simple or apically branched and cespitose, 1–5 × 1–3 cm, axillary branches absent.
above ground, caudices, branching or sometimes simple, short or elongate.
rosettes 1–7, not in clumps, 10–25(–30)-leaved, 3–25 cm diam.;
blade green, oblong-lanceolate, 4–30 × 0.5–4 cm, 1.5–6 mm thick, base 1–3 cm wide, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces not farinose, sometimes glaucous.
usually persistent (withering in early summer in D. cymosa subsp. marcescens and D. parva);
petiole absent;
blade mostly laminar, sometimes subterete, turgid ± throughout.
cyme mostly 2–3-branched, obpyramidal;
branches not twisted (flowers on topside), simple or 1-times bifurcate, (5–16 cm diam.);
cincinni 2–3, 2–20-flowered, circinate, 2–15(–25) cm;
floral shoots 15–90(–120) × 0.3–1.2 cm;
leaves 18–40, spreading to ascending, triangular-lanceolate to -ovate, 10–30(–50) × 3–18 mm, apex acute, in age straight and erect to spreading.
erect, not bent in fruit, 2–6(–12) mm.
erect to pendent, 1-35 mm.
calyx 4–7 × 5–8 mm;
petals connate 1–2 mm, bright yellow or usually red or red-flushed or -marked abaxially, greenish to orange-yellow adaxially, 10–16 × 2.5–5 mm, apex acute, tips slightly outcurved;
pistils connivent, erect.
petals erect to, rarely, ascending (sometimes tips outcurved), corolla barely open, tubular or tightly 5-gonal (loosely tubular, not tightly 5-gonal in D. farinosa), free margin of each petal usually connivent to adjacent petals (usually not connivent in D. farinosa);
pistils usually connivent and erect in flower (suberect and not connivent in D. stolonifera), nearly erect or slightly ascending, not gibbous in fruit.
follicles erect.
branches 2-3(-6), simple or bifurcate;
cincinni circinate or not.
= 68.
Dudleya lanceolata
Dudleya subg. Dudleya
Dudleya lanceolata is wide-ranging, from Monterey and western Kern counties southward through San Diego County, variable, and ill-defined. It varies locally in size of parts and in flower color but does not seem easily divisible into smaller units. N. L. Britton and J. N. Rose (1903, 1905) proposed seven additional species of southern California or of unstated origin that seem best included here. On the basis of 18 or more well-scattered collections, it is tetraploid; it seems best defined partly on that basis. Similar plants from Aliso Canyon, Orange County, are octoploid (C. H. Uhl and R. V. Moran 1953, as D. sp. aff. D. lanceolata); this is one of several scattered coastal populations with the caudex elongate. Another is D. elongata Rose, from near San Pedro, of which later collections are tetraploid.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Species ca. 40 (15 in the flora).
G. A. Levin and T. W. Mulroy (1985) studied floral morphology, nectar production, and breeding systems in 21 taxa of subg. Dudleya from throughout the north–south range. A few are pollinated primarily by hummingbirds, although also having high self-fertility, and several primarily by bees and long-tongued flies; all those studied were self-compatible. Levin and Mulroy concluded that the breeding system of Dudleya favors outcrossing but allows self-fertilization. Subgenus Dudleya is notable in that the epipetalous filaments are usually shorter than antisepalous ones and adnate higher.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
1. Petals connate 4.5–10 mm (1/2 their lengths); cyme branches often twisted at base (flowers on underside); pedicels pendent, declined, spreading, or ascending to erect in flower, usually bent sharply upward from near middle in fruit; rosettes solitary, 5–60 cm diam., blade often chalky white. | → 2 |
2. Caudices 1–4 cm diam.; rosettes 10–35-leaved, blade apices acute or usually long-acuminate; pedicels erect or ascending; petals red to apricot yellow; desert mountains | D. arizonica |
2. Caudices 4–10 cm diam.; rosettes 30–80-leaved, blade apices acuminate to cuspidate; pedicels declined or pendent; petals red; coastal side of mountains | D. pulverulenta |
1. Petals connate 1–3(–4.5) mm (to 1/3 their lengths); cyme branches not twisted (flowers on topside); pedicels ascending to erect in flower, not bent in fruit; rosettes 1–300, 0.8–35 cm diam., blade pale to bright green or blue-green, gray-blue, or gray-green, sometimes becoming purplish or reddish. | → 3 |
3. Caudices with axillary branches; unripe follicles ascending; calyces 3–4 × 5.5–7 mm | D. stolonifera |
3. Caudices simple or branching apically, axillary branches absent; unripe follicles erect; calyces 3–9 × 3–9 mm. | → 4 |
4. Rosettes 10–30 cm diam., 20–45-leaved; caudices simple, 2–8 cm diam.; leaf blades usually not farinose, 3–7 cm wide; insular | D. candelabrum |
4. Rosettes usually 1–15(–35) cm diam., 5–25(–65)-leaved; caudices simple or branched, 0.5–3.5 cm diam.; leaf blades sometimes farinose, usually to 3 cm wide, rarely to 6 cm; mainland and insular. | → 5 |
5. Leaves withering in early summer; cymes mostly 2–4-branched. | → 6 |
6. Petals pale or bright yellow, mustard yellow, or red, apex mostly narrowly acute; pedicels 5–15 mm; leaf blades 0.5–1.2 cm wide | D. cymosa |
6. Petals pale yellow, sometimes red-lineolate, apex broadly acute; pedicels | D. parva |
5. Leaves persistent; cymes usually 1–6-branched. | → 7 |
7. Caudices usually 10–60 cm; rosette leaf blades usually 3–8 mm thick. | → 8 |
8. Corollas loosely tubular, free margins of each petal usually not connivent to adjacent petals, petals pale yellow; rosette leaf blades ovate-oblong | D. farinosa |
8. Corollas tightly 5-gonal, free margins of each petal usually connivent to adjacent petals, petals whitish, pale yellow, or bright yellow to orange or red; rosette leaf blades oblong or oblong-lanceolate to oblong-obovate. | → 9 |
9. Petals pale yellow or whitish, 8–12 mm, tips sometimes out- curved; insular | D. greenei |
9. Petals bright yellow to orange or red, 8–16 mm, tips erect; insular or mainland. | → 10 |
10. Rosette leaf blades 0.5–4 cm wide; petals mostly bright yellow to red | D. cespitosa |
10. Rosette leaf blades 1.5–5 cm wide; petals red or bright yellow marked with red and appearing orange | D. palmeri |
7. Caudices usually 0.1–10 cm; rosette leaf blades 1–6 mm thick. | → 11 |
11. Pedicels usually 5–20 mm. | → 12 |
12. Rosette leaf blades usually oblanceolate to spatulate, rhombic-oblanceolate, oblong, elliptic, ovate, or sometimes triangular-oblong, 1.5–12(–17) × 0.5–6 cm, apex acute to acuminate or cuspidate or subobtuse; petal apices narrowly acute; cyme branches simple or 1–3 times bifurcate; cincinni 1–5(–17) cm | D. cymosa |
12. Rosette leaf blades oblong-lanceolate, 3–15 × 0.5–2.5 cm, apex narrowly acute; petal apices acute; cyme branches simple or bifurcate; cincinni 1–18 cm | D. saxosa |
11. Pedicels usually 1–6(–17) mm. | → 13 |
13. Petals pale yellow or straw yellow to medium yellow or almost white (rarely bright yellow) and often red-lineolate, 1.5–4.5 mm wide; rosette leaf blades 0.6–6(–11) × 0.2–2 cm; floral shoots 2–25 cm. | → 14 |
14. Rosette leaves linear or elliptic to oblong-lanceolate or tapering from base; cincinni 3–15 cm | D. abramsii |
14. Rosette leaves triangular-ovate; cincinni 1–3 cm | D. gnoma |
13. Petals bright yellow to usually red, 2.5–5 mm wide; rosette leaf blades 2–30 × 0.4–4 cm; floral shoots (3–)15–120 cm. | → 15 |
15. Caudices 1–3 cm diam.; leaf blade bases 1–3 cm wide | D. lanceolata |
15. Caudices 0.2–1 cm diam.; leaf blade bases 0.5–0.8 cm wide | D. verityi |
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