Drosera
Drosera intermedia
catch-fly, dew-threads, droséra, rossolis, sundew
droséra intermédiaire, narrow- or oblong- or spatulate- or spoon-leaf or water sundew, oblong-leaf sundew, spatulate-leaf sundew, spoonleaf sundew
erect to spreading, becoming widely separated outward at base before growing upwards;
scapes (2–)5–20(–25) cm, glabrous.
7–12 mm diam.;
sepals connate basally, oblong, 5–6 × 1–1.5 mm, glabrous;
petals white, sometimes pink-tinged, obovate, 3–6 × 3–5 mm, apical margins erose.
obovoid, splitting between placentae.
4–5 mm.
20–70, minute.
reddish brown, oblong-obovoid, 0.7–1 mm, densely, uniformly papillose.
both surfaces in strong sunlight, greener in shade (except D. tracyi, which lacks red pigment even in full sun), unlobed, suborbiculate, orbiculate, spatulate, or obovate, or cuneate to linear pink, or rose to pinkish lavender;
stamens 5, usually connate basally;
gynoecium 3-carpellate;
styles 3, deeply bifid;
stigma capitate.
= 10.
= 20.
Drosera
Drosera intermedia
Species ca. 170 (8 in the flora).
Species of Drosera are concentrated in Latin America, South Africa, Madagascar, Australia, and New Zealand.
Droseras, like all carnivorous plants, have leaves that attract, catch, digest, and absorb nutrients from small, mostly arthropod prey. They are characterized by gland-tipped multicelled hairs that move in response to stimuli and that catch and appress prey to the leaf blade, where sessile glands secrete enzymes that dissolve the soft tissues. The released nutrients enhance growth by supplementing those available from the poor soils where they grow.
All species of Drosera are capable of moving their trichomes in response to contact with digestible prey. According to C. (1875), this movement can be induced by the mere
touch of a part of a small insect with a single trichome. Besides having trichome movement, some species are able to curl their leaf blades to various degrees in order to maximize contact with prey.
Some species of Drosera may act as annuals, especially if the habitats dry out. The plants can be locally abundant. In most species, the flowers open only in the mornings on sunny days, or not at all on overcast days, and fruits may form from self-pollination. Some species, notably D. intermedia, may exhibit vegetative proliferation, portions of the flowers developing into leaves or plantlets. Some species form over-wintering buds called hibernaculae, requiring a cold period to break dormancy.
Some species of Drosera are reportedly utilized in herbal medicines to produce cough preparations and treat lung and skin ailments.
F. E. Wynne (1944) showed that seeds of North American Drosera are diagnostic for each species. The following key is adapted from various sources, and the species are presented in alphabetic order. Natural hybrids are rare in Drosera, and usually are sterile.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Drosera intermedia is the only species of the genus with a distinct stem, scattered cauline leaves, and an arching scape. Its habit of growing in the wettest places, often in standing water, is characteristic. The stems are longer in deeper water and may be up to 20 cm in the southern part of its range. The winter hibernaculae form at the tips of the elevated stems; they will fall to the ground and sprout the following spring. The plants may reproduce vegetatively by forming plantlets in place of flower parts. The plantlets can be rooted, and in general this species is easy to grow.
M. L. Fernald (1950) recognized forma corymbosa (de Candolle) Fernald with a corymb instead of a raceme, and forma natans Heuser with floating stems up to 20 cm long.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
1. Leaf blades filiform, not differentiated from petioles; stem base bulbose-cormose (from expanded petiole base); petals 7–17(–20) mm | → 2 |
1. Leaf blades linear or suborbiculate to obovate, elongate-spatulate, or cuneate, usually differentiated from petioles; stem base not bulbose-cormose; petals 3–7(–8) mm | → 3 |
2. Petals 7–10(–12) mm; leaf blades 8–25(–30) cm × 1 mm, glandular trichomes red to reddish purple, drying dark brown; scapes 6–26 cm. | D. filiformis |
2. Petals 12–17(–20) mm; leaf blades 30–50 cm × 1–2 mm, glandular trichomes pale green, drying pale greenish brown; scapes 25–60 cm. | D. tracyi |
3. Scapes stipitate-glandular; stipules absent or reduced to minute hairs; seeds black, crateriform. | D. brevifolia |
3. Scapes glabrous; stipules present; seeds reddish brown, light brown, brown, or black, striate, areolate, papillose, crateriform, or ridged | → 4 |
4. Leaf blades suborbiculate, (broader than long); seeds finely longitudinally striate. | D. rotundifolia |
4. Leaf blades linear, orbiculate, or spatulate to obovate or elongate-spatulate (longer than broad); seeds areolate, crateriform, or papillose | → 5 |
5. Stipules adnate to petioles | → 6 |
5. Stipules free from petioles or essentially so | → 7 |
6. Leaf blades obovate to elongate-spatulate; seeds fusiform, striate-areolate, 1–1.5 mm. | D. anglica |
6. Leaf blades linear; seeds rhomboidal or oblong-obovoid, crateriform, 0.5–0.8 mm. | D. linearis |
7. Plants always rosulate; petioles flat, sparsely glandular-pilose; petals usually pink, 6–7 mm; seeds coarsely papillose-corrugated, 0.4–0.5 mm. | D. capillaris |
7. Plants rosulate when young, developing leafy stems 1–8(–20) cm; petioles filiform, glabrous; petals white, 3–6 mm; seeds uniformly papillose, 0.7–1 mm. | D. intermedia |
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