Draba lactea |
Draba crassa |
|
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milky Draba, milky whitlow-grass |
thickleaf Draba |
|
Habit | Perennials; (cespitose); caudex branched (with persistent petiole remains, branches sometimes terminating in sterile rosettes); scapose. | Perennials; (cespitose); caudex simple or branched (well-developed, with persistent leaf bases); not scapose. |
Stems | unbranched, 0.2–1.1(–1.5) dm,glabrous throughout or sparsely pubescent proximally, trichomes short-stalked, substellate, 2–8-rayed, (non-crisped), 0.5–0.3 mm. |
(decumbent to ascending), unbranched, (0.4–)0.6–1.3(–1.5) dm, usually glabrous proximally, rarely sparsely pubescent, pubescent distally, trichomes simple and short-stalked, 2-rayed, (crisped), 0.1–0.6(–0.8) mm. |
Basal leaves | rosulate; petiolate; petiole (persistent, strongly thickened), margin usually ciliate, (trichomes usually simple and 2-rayed, 0.3–1 mm); blade oblanceolate to obovate, (0.3–)0.5–1.1(–1.7) cm × (1–)2–6 mm, margins usually entire, rarely denticulate, (sometimes ciliate), surfaces sometimes pubescent with stellate to subdendritic, 4–12-rayed, (non-crisped) trichomes, 0.1–0.4 mm, (midvein persistent, prominent, strongly thickened). |
rosulate; petiolate; petiole ciliate, (trichomes mostly simple, 0.3–0.8 mm); blade oblanceolate, 2–6(–7) cm × 2.5–8(–10) mm, margins entire, (pubescent as petiole), surfaces glabrous. |
Cauline leaves | 0 (or, rarely, 1 as a bract). |
2–4(–6); sessile; blade ovate to oblong, margins entire, (ciliate, trichomes simple and stalked, 2-rayed). |
Racemes | 2–8(–12)-flowered, ebracteate, elongated in fruit; rachis not flexuous, usually glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent as stem basally. |
(4–)8–20(–25)-flowered, ebracteate, elongated in fruit; rachis not flexuous, pubescent, trichomes simple and short-stalked, 2-rayed, (crisped), (0.1–0.8 mm). |
Flowers | sepals ovate, 1.8–3 mm, usually glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent subapically, (trichomes simple); petals white, obovate, 3–5 × 1.8–3 mm; anthers ovate, 0.3–0.4 mm. |
sepals (green tinged purplish), ovate to oblong, 2–3(–3.3) mm, pubescent, (trichomes simple and 2-rayed); petals yellow, spatulate to subobovate, 3.5–5(–6) × (2–) 2.5–3.5(–4) mm; anthers ovate, 0.5–0.6 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | divaricate-ascending, straight, (1–)2–5(–10) mm, glabrous. |
divaricate-ascending, straight, 5–10(–15) mm, pubescent as rachis. |
Fruits | oblong to elliptic-lanceolate or ovate to broadly so, plane, flattened, 4–8 × (1.5–)2–3 mm; valves glabrous; ovules (10–)14–22(–26) per ovary; style 0.1–0.4 mm. |
lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, slightly twisted, flattened, (7–)8–14 × 3–5 mm; valves glabrous; ovules 16–20 per ovary; style (0.4–)0.7–1.2(–1.5) mm. |
Seeds | ovoid, 0.8–1.1 × 0.5–0.6 mm. |
oblong, 1.2–1.7 × 0.8–1.1 mm. |
2n | = 32, 48. |
= 24. |
Draba lactea |
Draba crassa |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug. | Flowering Jul–Aug. |
Habitat | Rock outcrops, talus, rocky hillsides and ridges, open gravelly areas, seepage swales, meadows | Rock outcrops and talus, alpine tundra, rocky meadows |
Elevation | 0-2000 m (0-6600 ft) | 2900-4300 m (9500-14100 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; NL; NT; NU; QC; YT; Greenland; Europe (n Finland, Norway, w Sweden); Asia (Russian Far East, c, n Siberia); Atlantic Islands (Iceland); circumpolar |
CO; MT; NM; UT; WY
|
Discussion | T. W. Böcher (1966) postulated that Draba lactea originated from hybridization between D. fladnizensis and D. nivalis, but A.-C. Scheen et al. (2002) showed that it is more closely allied to D. subcapitata. By contrast, H. H. Grundt et al. (2004) concluded that hexaploid D. lactea originated from tetraploids of the same species, which in turn originated from the diploid D. palanderiana lineage. They suggested that D. lactea probably originated multiple times in the Beringian area and migrated to reach its present circumpolar distribution. The hexaploids are distributed throughout the species range, whereas the tetraploids are known only from Alaska and the Russian Far East (Grundt et al. 2005b). Draba fernaldiana, which was collected from Southampton Island (Nunavut), was not mentioned by R. C. Rollins (1993). The plants are completely glabrous except for leaf margins, which are ciliate with simple and sparse 2-rayed trichomes. The taxon resembles some forms of D. lactea and is tentatively herein included within that species. The only conflict in such placement is petal color, which was listed in the original description of D. fernaldiana as pale yellow instead of white. Glabrous or glabrescent forms of Draba lactea are quite common in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, whereas pubescent forms predominate in Alaska and the Russian Far East. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Draba crassa is easily recognized by its combination of fleshy, distinctly petiolate leaves with glabrous surfaces and mostly decumbent flowering/fruiting stems. N. H. Holmgren (2005b) indicated that it has 52 seeds per fruit (26 per locule), but in the plants we examined, the seed count did not exceed 20 per fruit. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 316. | FNA vol. 7, p. 302. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Arabideae > Draba | Brassicaceae > tribe Arabideae > Draba |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | D. allenii, D. boecheri, D. fernaldiana | D. chrysantha var. crassa |
Name authority | Adams: Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 5: 104. (1817) | Rydberg: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 182. (1900) |
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