Draba brachycarpa |
Draba norvegica |
|
---|---|---|
short-pod whitlowgrass, shortfruit Draba, shortpod Draba |
Norwegian Draba |
|
Habit | Annuals; not scapose. | Perennials; (cespitose); caudex branched (sometimes with persistent leaf remains); often scapose. |
Stems | usually branched, rarely unbranched, (0.3–)0.4–1.9(–2.2) dm, pubescent throughout, trichomes sessile, cruciform, 0.2–0.6(–0.8) mm (rays often equal, or those parallel to stem axis longer). |
branched or unbranched, (0.2–)0.4–1.4(–2) dm, pubescent throughout, trichomes simple and 2–4-rayed, 0.2–0.5 mm. |
Basal leaves | not rosulate; petiolate; petiole (to 0.5 cm), not ciliate; blade oblanceolate to obovate, 0.5–2 cm × 2–8 mm, margins entire, surfaces pubescent, trichomes cruciform, 0.2–0.6(–0.8) mm. |
rosulate; petiolate; petiole (0–0.5 cm), ciliate throughout; blade oblanceolate to narrowly obovate or narrowly lanceolate, 0.4–2.1 cm × 1.5–7 mm, margins with 1–3 teeth on each side, (ciliate, trichomes simple and 2-rayed, 0.2–0.8 mm), surfaces pubescent abaxially with stalked, (2–)4(–6)-rayed trichomes, 0.1–0.4 mm, adaxially glabrous or pubescent, with simple and stalked, 2-rayed trichomes, 0.1–0.5 mm. |
Cauline leaves | (4–)6–11; sessile; blade lanceolate to oblong or linear, margins entire, surfaces pubescent as basal. |
0–3(–5); sessile; blade ovate to oblong, margins often dentate, (ciliate). |
Racemes | (main branch) (20–)25–65(–74)-flowered, ebracteate, elongated in fruit; rachis not flexuous, pubescent as stem. |
5–23-flowered, ebracteate or proximalmost 1(–3) flowers bracteate, considerably elongated in fruit; rachis slightly or not flexuous, pubescent as stem. |
Flowers | (late ones cleistogamous, apetalous); sepals (green or pink), oblong, 0.7–1.2(–1.5) mm, pubescent; petals white, spatulate, 2–3 × 0.8–1.1 mm; anthers ovate, 0.15–0.25 mm. |
sepals ovate, 1.7–2.5 mm, pubescent, (trichomes simple and short-stalked, 2–4-rayed); petals white, spatulate, 2.5–4 × 1.7–2.5 mm; anthers ovate, 0.3–0.4 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | horizontal to divaricate-ascending, straight, (1–)1.5–4(–5) mm, pubescent, trichomes cruciform. |
suberect to ascending (often appressed to rachis), straight, (1.5–)2.5–5(–9) mm, pubescent, trichomes simple and 2–4-rayed. |
Fruits | usually elliptic to linear-elliptic, rarely ovate-elliptic, plane, flattened, (2–)2.5–5(–6) × 0.9–1.4(–1.9) mm; valves glabrous; ovules 8–16(–20) per ovary; style 0.05–0.1 mm. |
(sometimes subappressed to rachis), oblong to lanceolate-elliptic, plane, flattened, 4–8 × 2–3 mm; valves glabrous or pubescent, trichomes simple and short-stalked, 2-rayed, 0.05–0.25 mm; ovules 18–26 per ovary; style (0.01–)0.1–0.4(–0.5) mm, (glabrous, stigma about as wide as style). |
Seeds | (winged), ovoid, 0.5–0.7 × 0.4–0.5 mm. |
oblong, 0.9–1.2 × 0.5–0.7 mm. |
2n | = 16. |
= 48. |
Draba brachycarpa |
Draba norvegica |
|
Phenology | Flowering Feb–May. | Flowering Jun–Aug. |
Habitat | Open woods, cedar glades, pastures and lawns, roadsides, disturbed sites | Rock outcrops and sea cliffs, talus, gravelly and sandy terraces, moist bluffs, turfy limestone shores |
Elevation | 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) | 0-500 m (0-1600 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MO; MS; NC; OH; OK; OR; SC; TN; TX; VA
|
NL; NS; NT; QC; Greenland; Europe (Finland, Norway, n Russia, Scotland, Sweden); Atlantic Islands (Iceland) |
Discussion | Draba brachycarpa is closely related to D. aprica and the two are sometimes confused. It is readily distinguished by having leaves with sessile (versus stalked) trichomes, glabrous (versus pubescent) fruits, and smaller (0.5–0.7 versus 0.9–1.1 mm) seeds. The records from Arizona and Oregon are based on old collections, Porter 802 (Devil’s Canyon, 22 Feb 1926, US) and Howell s.n. (near Cobarg, Willamette Valley, 7 Apr 1887, US); it is not known if these records represent introductions or remnants of a previously wider distribution. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Draba norvegica is a highly variable hexaploid taxon and, as delimited herein, it probably represents two taxa with the same distribution and same chromosome number. It is related to hexaploid D. arctogena, from which it is distinguished by characteristics listed under 8. D. arctogena. Draba norvegica was divided by O. E. Schulz (1927) into eight varieties, whereas R. C. Rollins (1993) recognized just two. In the latter treatment, var. clivicola is distinguished by having predominantly branched, appressed trichomes on stems proximally, lanceolate, glabrous fruits, and slender, erect-appressed pedicels. By contrast, var. norvegica is said to have predominantly simple, spreading trichomes on stems proximally, narrowly ovate to elliptical, glabrous or pubescent fruits, and stout, divaricately ascending pedicels. These differences are extremes of a continuum, and we agree with G. A. Mulligan (1970) in reducing D. clivicola to synonymy of D. norvegica. Rollins indicated that D. norvegica grows in Minnesota, but we have not seen any material from that state. Draba norvegica is found in Europe in arctic and subarctic areas. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 296. | FNA vol. 7, p. 322. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Arabideae > Draba | Brassicaceae > tribe Arabideae > Draba |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Abdra brachycarpa | D. clivicola, D. hirta var. norvegica, D. norvegica var. clivicola, D. norvegica var. hebecarpa, D. rupestris, D. scandinavica var. hebecarpa, D. trichella |
Name authority | Nuttall ex Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 108. (1838) | Gunnerus: Fl. Norveg. 2: 106. (1772) |
Web links |